Thermal straightening can damage ethnic hair and may pose health risks.
4 citations
,
January 2021 in “Skin appendage disorders” Hair straightening can damage hair and pose health risks, including exposure to carcinogens and hair loss.
1 citations
,
June 2014 in “[Thesis]. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester; 2014.” Chemical modifications can alter hair's stability and flexibility, with hydrophobic interactions helping maintain structure in humid conditions.
15 citations
,
August 2020 in “Analytical chemistry” Hair lipids do not protect against humidity.
97 citations
,
January 2005 in “Wear” Human hair and skin friction vary by ethnicity, hair type, and environmental conditions.
37 citations
,
October 2015 in “PeerJ” Perming significantly changes hair's molecular structure, while shampoo and conditioner do not.
January 2002 in “China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics” Shampoo D is best for fixing perm-damaged hair.
November 2025 in “Cosmetics” Rice germ oil improves hair health, but adding ferulic acid offers limited benefits and may worsen chemically damaged hair.
3 citations
,
January 2002 in “Springer eBooks” Alkaline hair relaxers damage hair, but cationic and non-ionic polymers can help reduce this damage.
December 2007 in “FJ. Fragrance journal”
4 citations
,
June 2019 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Heat transfer in hair is slower in groups of hair, increasing the risk of damage from high-temperature styling tools.
December 2025 in “Universal library of medical and health sciences.” Amino acids like arginine and cysteine protect hair during chemical treatments, keeping it strong and less brittle.
1 citations
,
January 2009 in “Journal of S C C J” Changing disulfide bonds in human hair affects its melting behavior and thermal stability.
May 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Permanent waving damages hair protein and weakens hair, especially with repeated treatments using sodium thioglycolate.
Treating hair with 1M sodium hydroxide increases its friction, making it better for small medical knots.
4 citations
,
June 2022 in “Journal of cleaner production” New eco-friendly method strengthens and sets hair using light and causes less damage.
January 2013 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Microfibrils are key for permanent waves, and hydrolyzed keratin improves wave formation and hair condition.
34 citations
,
December 2009 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Improper use of ceramic flat irons can cause severe hair damage.
Chemical treatments weaken hair's thermal stability and structure.
20 citations
,
July 1988 in “Clinics in dermatology” Thioglycolate lotions are the most popular method for permanent waving and hair straightening.
2 citations
,
January 1995 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” Ethyl Carbitol is the best at preventing split ends in permed hair.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “Cosmetics” Surfactants damage hair, but sealing the cuticle can prevent this.
February 2010 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” The shampoo and conditioner improved dry, damaged hair significantly after three uses.
Hydrophobic modifications make human hair less affected by water.
3 citations
,
June 2007 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Using the right hair care products can improve hair health and help manage hair disorders.
January 2024 in “World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany” Polisorbate 20 is not suitable for curl creams due to instability.
19 citations
,
May 2010 in “Surface and interface analysis” 18-MEA is essential for hair's water resistance, and a conditioner with 18-MEA and SPDA can restore it.
7 citations
,
January 1995 Silicone pretreatment protects hair from damage and reduces color fading without interfering with bleaching or dyeing.