Orthognathic surgeons play a key role in modifying masculine facial features to be more feminine, often improving transgender women's quality of life.
September 2016 in “Princeton University Press eBooks” The document concludes that understanding health requires considering evolutionary perspectives on reproductive fitness, and recognizing the complexity of factors like diet, testosterone, and sexual orientation.
1 citations
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October 2021 in “LGBT health” The review discusses how facial masculinization surgeries are done and their costs.
157 citations
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May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
January 2010 in “Springer eBooks”
March 2026 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” Facial aesthetic procedures improve quality of life for transgender individuals.
1 citations
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September 2016 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open” Facial Feminization Surgery is effective and safe, with minimal complications.
41 citations
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April 2010 in “Gender Medicine” The conclusion is that hirsutism should be diagnosed and treated because it affects quality of life and may signal other health problems.
October 2021 in “Gender & history” Baldness challenged men's self-image and masculinity in Britain from the late 19th to early 20th centuries, leading to a market for hair loss treatments.
17 citations
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February 2018 in “British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery” Forehead reduction and orbital contouring are important for satisfactory facial feminization in transgender females, with high satisfaction and low long-term problems.
The case showed the need for quick investigation of virilization in women and how emotional health is linked to physical health.
June 2018 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Proper management of the dilation program is crucial after male-to-female reassignment surgery.
17 citations
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December 2004 in “The Journal of Men's Health & Gender” Male pattern baldness involves hormone-related hair thinning, shorter hair, and inflammation.
9 citations
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February 2005 in “The Journal of Men's Health & Gender” Finasteride effectively treats male hair loss, increasing length and thickness.
1 citations
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January 2021
September 2018 in “Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México” Medical care for transgender youth should be individualized and supportive.
31 citations
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September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
January 2014 in “Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)” 1 citations
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November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.
83 citations
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August 2018 in “BJOG” Uterine transplants for transgender women are feasible but need more research.
10 citations
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January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapy in transgender patients can lead to skin changes like altered sebum production, hair growth, and acne, which may require dermatological care.
6 citations
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April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
10 citations
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May 2009 in “Cases Journal” A woman's masculine symptoms were caused by an ovarian tumor, which improved after surgery.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An ovarian tumor caused a woman's male-like symptoms, which improved after surgery.
1 citations
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March 2005 in “Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie” A postmenopausal woman had high testosterone from her right adrenal gland, leading to recommended surgery.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Transgender patients on hormone therapy experience more acne and hair loss, but less skin inflammation.
2 citations
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October 2015 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” The woman's surgery lowered her testosterone and improved scalp hair loss but did not change her excessive body hair.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.
57 citations
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December 2018 in “JAMA Surgery” Hormone treatment for transgender patients may not need to be stopped before surgery, but more research is needed, especially on estrogen.