10 citations
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January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapy in transgender patients can lead to skin changes like altered sebum production, hair growth, and acne, which may require dermatological care.
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects and is more effective with added estrogens.
77 citations
,
May 2012 in “Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs” New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.
10 citations
,
August 2020 in “International Journal of Andrology” 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride may not be effective or safe for transgender individuals, and more research is needed.
32 citations
,
July 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride effectively treats hair loss in transgender men with few side effects.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Goserelin injections can effectively manage hyperandrogenism symptoms in postmenopausal women who can't have surgery.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Skin issues from testosterone therapy in transgender men can be managed with combined dermatology and endocrinology care.
March 2026 in “Mendeley Data” January 2026 in “Mendeley Data” March 2026 in “Mendeley Data” 57 citations
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August 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men can cause acne.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Skin issues from testosterone therapy in transgender men can be managed with combined dermatology and endocrinology care.
May 2026 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Sublingual minoxidil safely increases hair growth in transgender people on testosterone therapy.
June 2023 in “Sri Lanka Journal of Menopause”
9 citations
,
January 1997 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” The document concludes that treating androgen excess needs patience, managing expectations is important, and many drugs used are not officially approved, suggesting cosmetic options for mild cases.
24 citations
,
March 2018 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Testosterone treatment in transgender teens can worsen acne, requiring careful treatment due to mental health and medication side effects.
10 citations
,
October 2006 in “Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs” New treatments for male hypogonadism are easier to use and target specific tissues to reduce side effects.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy is effective and safe for women with low sexual desire, but it's hard to access.
8 citations
,
March 2008 in “Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift/Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Adding estrogen increased bone mass in a transsexual man undergoing hormone therapy.
2 citations
,
March 2004 in “Reviews in Gynaecological Practice” Hormonal changes and psychological issues can cause sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Behavioral therapy is recommended first, with hormone replacement helping some symptoms but not libido. Testosterone can improve libido, but its effects on overall sexual function are unclear. Emotional and relationship issues should be addressed before using medication, and the benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation should be considered.
36 citations
,
May 2011 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Treatment with a hormone agonist can reduce excess male hormones in postmenopausal women without surgery.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
6 citations
,
August 2009 in “Mini-reviews in Medicinal Chemistry” Different drugs can treat high male hormone levels in women, but they have various effects and some may harm a fetus.
7 citations
,
April 2012 in “Clinical investigation” Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.
17 citations
,
January 1995 in “The American Journal of Medicine” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and tailored long-term treatment can effectively manage androgenic disorders in women, improving patient care outcomes.
Testosterone therapy may help women with low sexual desire after surgical menopause.
97 citations
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November 1986 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.
2 citations
,
October 2016 in “European Neuropsychopharmacology” 1 citations
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October 2009 in “Current psychiatry” Choose treatments for sex offenders based on individual needs, using hormonal and nonhormonal options to reduce sexual drive.
April 2020 in “Online journal of complementary & alternative medicine” Some medications can help increase sexual desire and function in women.