December 2022 in “International Journal of Health Science” High levels of male hormones in women with PCOS can lead to fertility issues and symptoms like irregular periods, hair growth, acne, and hair loss; lifestyle changes are recommended for management.
April 2025 in “The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist” Hirsutism is managed by assessing testosterone levels and using oral contraceptives, with ethical considerations on treatment access.
10 citations
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December 2019 in “in Vivo” Testosterone makes the connections in the uterus lining simpler and lowers certain protein levels, which might lead to infertility.
June 2023 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” Hair transplantation is important for transgender patients to enhance their masculine or feminine appearance.
2 citations
,
May 1999 in “PubMed” Hyperandrogenism in women can cause acne, hair growth, hair loss, irregular periods, and increase the risk of infertility and diabetes.
July 2023 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Anabolic-androgenic steroids harm male hormone levels, sperm, metabolism, and can cause acne, hair loss, and breast growth.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Male pattern baldness may indicate arterial stiffness in transgender men on long-term testosterone therapy.
34 citations
,
April 2023 in “Climacteric” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects health risks and requires careful management, especially as transgender individuals age.
1 citations
,
January 2023 Hyperandrogenism in women often causes acne and excess hair, treatable with personalized plans including weight loss, hair removal, and medications.
19 citations
,
March 2018 in “JAMA” Treat hirsutism in premenopausal women with oral contraceptives and consider additional treatments if needed.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
1 citations
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December 2025 in “Selçuk tıp dergisi/Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dergisi” Lower 2D:4D finger ratios in HS patients suggest prenatal hormone influence on the disease.
March 2025 in “Laboratory Investigation” MESTSV is a rare tumor that is mostly benign but needs long-term monitoring due to potential recurrence.
July 2020 in “Endocrine practice” A 13-year-old boy with Cushing syndrome has high cortisol levels from a pituitary gland issue and underdeveloped sexual characteristics.
Orthognathic surgeons play a key role in modifying masculine facial features to be more feminine, often improving transgender women's quality of life.
January 2006 in “Casopís lékar̆ů c̆eských” Female hair loss is influenced by genetics and hormones, often starting in middle age or after hormonal changes.
July 1996 in “Hair transplant forum international” September 2022 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Finasteride may cause lasting sexual and mental health issues, and genetic screening could help prevent them.
23 citations
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April 2010 in “Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology” The piRNA pathway genes are crucial in early development and may influence sex differentiation through hormone regulation.
September 2021 in “Conference Proceedings” Older men with high total testosterone might not show symptoms, while younger men with hyperandrogenism may experience hair loss or acne.
April 2012 in “Informa Healthcare eBooks”
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's increased facial hair and hair loss were caused by a rare ovarian tumor, cured by surgery.
39 citations
,
October 2018 in “Aesthetic surgery journal” Injectables can feminize or masculinize a transgender person's face, but more research is needed for best practices.
29 citations
,
May 2013 in “Andrologia” Cross-sex hormone treatment in transsexual individuals helps understand how sex hormones affect diseases like heart disease and diabetes.
25 citations
,
August 1989 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Birth control pills are effective for treating women with too much male hormone.
32 citations
,
January 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.
195 citations
,
May 2003 in “Obstetrics and gynecology (New York. 1953. Online)/Obstetrics and gynecology” Most women with excess hair growth have an underlying hormonal issue, often treated with medication and hair removal methods.
134 citations
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June 2012 in “International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery” Facial feminization surgery is effective in helping transgender women appear more feminine and has high patient satisfaction.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Early diagnosis of PSIS can lead to normal height with growth hormone and testosterone treatment.
2 citations
,
January 2022 in “The Application of Clinical Genetics” A young Russian girl with Meier-Gorlin syndrome has two new mutations in the CDC6 gene.