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Androgens and estrogens are crucial for insulin secretion in males.

Hirsutism is excessive male-pattern hair growth in women, often treated cosmetically or with hormone therapy if contraception is also desired.

Dermatology trainees lack standardized guidelines and education for treating testosterone-induced skin conditions in transmasculine individuals.

Siblings with signs of virilization should be tested for non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which does not affect adult height but may impact fertility and well-being if untreated.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause androgen insensitivity, leading to female traits in genetically male individuals.

A man with both Klinefelter syndrome and primary hyperparathyroidism showed a rare combination of symptoms and genetic patterns.

A boy with a rare form of early puberty caused by a new gene mutation responded well to treatment aimed at reducing testosterone and preserving adult height.

Testosterone changes how certain channels work in male rat reproductive tracts, affecting fertility-related fluid balance.

A woman's severe hirsutism was caused by Leydig cell tumors in her ovaries, which improved after surgery.

Men with hormonal imbalances similar to PCOS may have increased risk of metabolic and heart diseases.

5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride may not be effective or safe for transgender individuals, and more research is needed.

The document concludes that careful planning and execution of facial gender affirmation surgery after at least 12 months of hormonal therapy can improve the quality of life for transgender individuals.

Goserelin injections can effectively manage hyperandrogenism symptoms in postmenopausal women who can't have surgery.

A rare, non-cancerous ovarian tumor was successfully treated with surgery, improving the patient's symptoms.

The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.

A toddler with a rare adrenal gland tumor causing male-like physical changes was successfully treated with surgery.

Bilateral Orchiectomy effectively reduces the need for anti-androgen medication in most transgender females.

Finasteride lowers DHT levels and raises testosterone in a dose-dependent way.

An 8-year-old boy's early puberty was caused by a rare hormone-secreting brain tumor, which was successfully treated with surgery.

Hormonal imbalances can cause skin and hair problems in women, and treatments that block male hormones can help.

Care for gender-dysphoric Veterans can be improved with a consistent, team-based approach.

Dihydrotestosterone gel before hypospadias surgery led to less scarring but raised concerns about potential psychological effects and skin changes.

Androgens reduce THY1 in skin cells, leading to less fat, more fibrosis, and worse healing in males.

A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.

Many children and teens referred to gender services receive hormone treatments, but more research is needed on their long-term care and outcomes.

Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.

Adults with gender dysphoria on hormone treatment often have skin problems like acne, which are common but not always recognized.

More men are using medication for benign prostatic hyperplasia, influenced by marketing and FDA approvals.

The girl has a hormonal imbalance causing increased hair growth and other male characteristics.