January 2013 in “Revista Clínica Española” A postmenopausal woman's increased male hormone levels were successfully treated with surgery.
September 2008 in “UK vet. Companion animal” Castration is preferred for non-breeding male dogs with BPH, but other treatments are available with specific pros and cons.
July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
Finasteride reduces prostate cancer risk but may increase high-grade tumors; new drugs and better diagnosis are in development, but funding and industry commitment are challenges.
1 citations
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June 2023 in “Reproduction” Microglia, the brain's immune cells, may contribute to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) by altering the female brain's structure and function, with kisspeptin neurons and GABA neurotransmitters also playing a role.
71 citations
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August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
19 citations
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March 2022 in “International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health” Certain brain hormones and chemicals are linked to the development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
40 citations
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January 2010 in “Annales D Endocrinologie” The French Endocrine Society suggests diagnosing PCOS with two of three signs, recommends lifestyle changes and clomiphene for treatment, and calls for more research on certain treatments and tests.
116 citations
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December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
69 citations
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November 2010 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal” PCOS affects women's health by increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.
July 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Higher BMI, IGF-1, and DHEAS levels are linked to advanced bone age in young Chinese girls with early breast development.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Ovarian stromal hyperplasia can cause high testosterone in postmenopausal women and is treated by removing the ovaries.
131 citations
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August 2004 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.
49 citations
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May 2018 in “Endocrine” Women with regular menstrual cycles and PCOS have linked kisspeptin and LH hormone patterns, unlike those with irregular cycles.
4 citations
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December 2017 in “InTech eBooks” Lifestyle changes and insulin-sensitizing drugs are effective for managing PCOS.
18 citations
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July 2015 in “Drug Healthcare and Patient Safety” Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can increase heart risks, especially in men with heart conditions.
5 citations
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February 2020 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology” Recurrent vaginal bleeding in young girls without puberty signs may require a genital exam to find hidden causes.
55 citations
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August 2003 in “Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology” Ultrasound and color Doppler can help diagnose and decide treatment for early puberty in young girls.
24 citations
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March 2017 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” The study found that women with hyperandrogenic PCOS have higher levels of AKT1 and AKT2 proteins in their cells, which may lead to cell dysfunction.
February 2020 in “Diabetologie Und Stoffwechsel” The document concludes that more research is needed to include new treatments in guidelines for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
22 citations
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September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride reduces dihydrotestosterone, increases testosterone, and may treat hirsutism in women.
169 citations
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August 2004 in “Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology/Baillière's best practice and research in clinical obstetrics and gynaecology” Lower doses of treatments for hirsutism and acne in PCOS are effective and cause fewer side effects.
94 citations
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January 2000 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Spironolactone most effective for hirsutism, but has side effects.
85 citations
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May 2019 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” The article concludes that better understanding gene regulation related to seasonal changes can offer insights into the mechanisms of seasonal timing in mammals.
72 citations
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January 2003 in “American Journal of Pathology” A protein called CBP is found in prostate cancer and can increase the effectiveness of certain prostate cancer treatments.
38 citations
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October 1996 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Certain hormone treatments can improve acne and related conditions in women.
34 citations
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June 2010 in “Archives of Disease in Childhood” Menstrual disorders are common in adolescents and can be influenced by weight, activity, and health issues, requiring careful evaluation and more research for effective treatment.
32 citations
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November 1996 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Antiandrogens can help treat skin conditions like acne and excessive hair in women when used carefully.
31 citations
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June 2015 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hormonal treatments are effective as a second-line option for moderate-to-severe acne in females, but should be used with caution due to health risks.
30 citations
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August 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride doesn't affect hormone levels in normal men.