1540 citations
,
October 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.
991 citations
,
January 2011 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” The document concludes that PCOS is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors, affecting women's health in various ways, and requires personalized treatment.
430 citations
,
July 2002 in “Journal of Endocrinology” The hypothesis suggests that PCOS may start early in life due to genetic and environmental factors, influencing future reproductive and metabolic problems.
343 citations
,
December 2008 in “Endocrine Reviews” Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.
200 citations
,
October 2009 in “European journal of endocrinology” Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.
113 citations
,
July 2020 in “Communications biology” Men, especially older ones with health issues like prostate cancer, may have worse COVID-19 outcomes and could benefit from therapies targeting male hormones.
99 citations
,
June 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.
97 citations
,
November 1986 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.
74 citations
,
July 2010 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Treatment of acromegaly can improve women's reproductive health issues caused by hormonal imbalances or tumors.
34 citations
,
November 2017 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” A transwoman developed a brain tumor after nine years of hormone therapy, suggesting a possible link between the treatment and tumor development.
34 citations
,
January 2011 in “Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology” New treatments for PCOS show promise, but no current medication treats all aspects of the condition.
31 citations
,
January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
29 citations
,
April 1995 in “Endocrinology” Finasteride doesn't affect bone density in male rats.
29 citations
,
October 1988 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Antiandrogens are effective for conditions like prostate cancer and skin issues, but more research is needed to confirm their benefits and minimize side effects.
28 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.
27 citations
,
November 1998 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Finasteride significantly reduces hair growth in women with idiopathic hirsutism.
25 citations
,
June 2012 in “Endocrine” PCOS may start before birth, involves metabolic issues, and can be treated with drugs like metformin and lifestyle changes.
21 citations
,
September 2019 in “Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry” High-intensity interval training improves certain hormone levels and lipid profiles in women with PCOS.
18 citations
,
January 2009 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Flutamide works better than finasteride for hirsutism, and combining both is slightly better but not much.
14 citations
,
September 2007 in “Steroids” The study concluded that androstendione and DHEA are important for diagnosing high male hormone levels in women with excessive hair growth.
7 citations
,
September 2006 in “Clinical lymphoma & myeloma” Balancing treatment effectiveness with side effects is crucial for relapsed follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially in older patients.
7 citations
,
April 1995 in “Endocrinology” Finasteride doesn't affect bone density in male rats.
6 citations
,
October 2018 in “Endocrinology” Prenatally androgenized ewes can model increased hair diameter in women with PCOS.
3 citations
,
January 2018 in “Biomedical dermatology” Green tea extract helps prevent cell death and supports cell survival in hair cells exposed to a chemotherapy drug.
3 citations
,
January 2013 in “Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health” About 15% of adolescent girls in a region of India have Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, which is more common in those born by cesarean, with wisdom teeth, or with central obesity.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “Advanced Biomedical Research” Oral isotretinoin and cyproterone compound are equally effective for treating acne in women with cutaneous hyperandrogenism.
1 citations
,
September 2025 in “Cureus” ChatGPT-5 can pass the endocrinology exam but isn't fully reliable for clinical decisions yet.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Journal of experimental and clinical medicine” PCOS is linked to diabetes and insulin resistance, and managing AGEs may help treat related symptoms.
June 2025 in “International Journal of Environmental Sciences” CLEC10A and interleukin-42 can help identify PCOS patients' response to Metformin treatment.
May 2025 in “International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology” A holistic approach, including lifestyle changes and surgery, is recommended for better long-term PCOS management.