9 citations
,
May 2024 in “Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology” Gender affirming hormone therapy improves outcomes in gender affirmation surgery.
9 citations
,
February 2013 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Mutations in the CYP21A2 gene are not a major factor in causing PCOS.
5 citations
,
October 2016 in “European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology” Women with PCOS may have a higher risk of respiratory and ear infections due to slower nasal mucociliary clearance.
4 citations
,
May 2024 in “Steroids” The method accurately measures sex hormones in human plasma but can have small errors.
3 citations
,
February 2018 in “Human Reproduction” A man with testotoxicosis was fertile despite low FSH levels, suggesting high testosterone may allow sperm production without FSH.
2 citations
,
December 2022 in “Metabolites” Hair analysis shows low progesterone in anorexia patients, unchanged by short-term weight gain.
2 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science” Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.
2 citations
,
September 2002 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” The GH-IGF-I axis is likely involved in the hormonal imbalances seen in non-obese women with functional hyperandrogenism.
1 citations
,
January 2018 in “Pediatrics in review” A 7-year-old boy with a brain tumor developed early puberty, which was successfully treated with medication.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Women with prediabetes may have a higher risk of PCOS-like changes, especially if they have impaired glucose tolerance.
February 2025 in “East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences” Higher testosterone and DHEA-S levels may be linked to male pattern baldness.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 14-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with Swyer Syndrome and treated for a related cancer risk.
September 2018 in “Fertility and Sterility” High levels of testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone before pregnancy are linked to a higher risk of newborns needing intensive care.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document explains how male reproductive hormones work and affect the body.
Hormones, especially testosterone and DHT, are key for penis development and function, and testosterone therapy may help with erectile dysfunction in those with low levels.
July 2017 in “Contemporary Endocrinology” The document concludes that patient outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are often not ideal because of poor management and a need for better diagnosis and treatment methods.
November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.
284 citations
,
February 2008 in “Pediatrics” Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.
166 citations
,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
126 citations
,
February 2017 in “JAMA Surgery” Surgeons must understand the full care process for gender confirmation surgery to help transgender individuals effectively.
82 citations
,
January 2000 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics” DHEA stimulates skin oil glands and could help postmenopausal women, with potential for acne and excessive hair growth treatments.
71 citations
,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
61 citations
,
January 2017 in “Human Reproduction Open” The review recommends hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency to manage symptoms and protect health, with specific approaches for different groups.
60 citations
,
October 2014 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Dermatologists play a key role in treating skin symptoms of PCOS like dark patches, excess hair, acne, and hair loss.
21 citations
,
February 2016 in “Reproductive Biomedicine Online” The conclusion suggests that PCOS may persist due to genetic traits that, while harmful for female fertility, could have provided survival and reproductive benefits to males.
20 citations
,
March 1975 in “Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism” 18 citations
,
October 2022 in “Biomedicines” High AMH levels are linked to PCOS in women and may have a male equivalent with similar traits.
18 citations
,
July 2020 in “Basic and Clinical Andrology” Wait 3 months after COVID-19 before trying assisted reproduction and further research is needed on COVID-19's effects on male hormones and fertility.
16 citations
,
September 2008 in “Dermatologic Therapy” CAH is a genetic disorder affecting cortisol production and causing hormonal imbalances, with treatment and diagnosis varying by form and symptoms.
15 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hormone therapy increases the risk of heart-related issues in transgender women and may affect heart health in transgender men.