59 citations
,
August 2004 in “Human Reproduction Update” Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.
4 citations
,
January 2000 in “PubMed” Early balding in men might be a male hormonal equivalent of polycystic ovaries syndrome in women.
47 citations
,
June 2016 in “JAMA Dermatology” Men with early hair loss have similar hormone levels to women with PCOS, possibly increasing risk of obesity and heart issues.
1 citations
,
August 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride may improve sperm count in subfertile men with low sperm count.
September 2015 in “University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)” The guideline offers recommendations for diagnosing and managing PCOS and its complications.
17 citations
,
June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
The estrogen receptor pathway controls hair growth cycles and affects skin cell growth.
2 citations
,
September 2002 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” The GH-IGF-I axis is likely involved in the hormonal imbalances seen in non-obese women with functional hyperandrogenism.
84 citations
,
September 2014 in “European journal of endocrinology” Doctors should check for serious tumor causes of high androgen levels in postmenopausal women and more research is needed on this condition.
3 citations
,
March 2024 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Prenatal and postnatal environments both affect PCOS development and gut microbiota in mice.
August 2025 in “American Journal of Case Reports” Accurate diagnosis and early specialist referral are crucial for managing 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Glucocorticoid treatment lowered androgen levels but didn't improve hirsutism or ovulation and caused weight gain.
27 citations
,
February 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Male cells need DHT to respond to testosterone, while female cells do not.
August 2015 in “Dermatologica Sinica” Men with severe hair loss may have poorer sperm quality.
204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Personalized sonidegib dosing can effectively treat Gorlin-Goltz syndrome with fewer side effects.
1 citations
,
March 2012 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology” A young girl with high testosterone was thought to have a tumor but actually had PCOS, which was treated with birth control pills.
1 citations
,
October 2010 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” The document suggests new ways to assess and diagnose hyperandrogenism to improve accuracy.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “Curēus” Diagnosing simple-virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be difficult and requires thorough testing and expert advice.
The right balance of Myo-Inositol to D-Chiro-Inositol in follicular fluid is crucial for good egg and embryo quality.
Androgenetic alopecia, or hair loss, is caused by genetic factors and hormones, with different mechanisms in men and women, and can be linked to insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome.
October 2024 in “Andrology” Paternal drug exposure can harm fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and offspring health, with specific drugs linked to various reproductive issues.
2 citations
,
April 2021 in “Reproductive health of woman” Most women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have menstrual issues, infertility, acne, and excessive body hair, with the most common type being the non-androgenic phenotype.
10 citations
,
April 2006 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Testosterone therapy may improve mood, well-being, and sexual function in premenopausal women, but more research is needed on its long-term safety and effectiveness.
49 citations
,
April 1997 in “Human reproduction” Hormone therapy for excessive hair growth is as good with GnRHa as with high-dose CPA, but GnRHa has longer-lasting results.
May 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The enzyme 5α-reductase is important for proper blood vessel development during the fertility-related transformation of the uterus lining.
11-oxyandrogens are linked to excess hair growth in PCOS, but don't help diagnose it.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
22 citations
,
March 2021 in “European journal of endocrinology” Primary amenorrhea and delayed puberty in females can be diagnosed and managed effectively.