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GlossaryGonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists

medications that initially boost, then suppress, sex hormone production

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists (GnRH agonists) are medications that mimic the natural hormone GnRH, which regulates the release of other hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland. Initially, they increase the production of these hormones, but with continuous use, they suppress their release, leading to reduced levels of sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen. This makes them useful in treating hormone-sensitive conditions like prostate cancer, endometriosis, and certain types of breast cancer.

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Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Therapy for Hirsutism Is as Effective as High Dose Cyproterone Acetate but Results in a Longer Remission

research Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist therapy for hirsutism is as effective as high dose cyproterone acetate but results in a longer remission

49 citations , April 1997 in “Human reproduction”

Hormone therapy for excessive hair growth is as good with GnRHa as with high-dose CPA, but GnRHa has longer-lasting results.

research Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment in Postmenopausal Women with Hyperandrogenism of Ovarian Origin

36 citations , May 2011 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Treatment with a hormone agonist can reduce excess male hormones in postmenopausal women without surgery.

Sequential Estrogen-Progestin Addition to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Suppression for the Chronic Treatment of Ovarian Hyperandrogenism: A Pilot Study

research Sequential estrogen-progestin addition to gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist suppression for the chronic treatment of ovarian hyperandrogenism: a pilot study.

2 citations , December 1994 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

The treatment effectively reduced hair growth and was safe for patients with PCOS, but it needs better bleeding control.

research DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC UTILITY OF GONADOTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE AGONIST IN POSTMENOPAUSAL HYPERANDROGENISM OF OVARIAN ORIGIN

July 2023 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies”

GnRH agonist effectively diagnoses and treats postmenopausal hyperandrogenism from ovarian sources.

research Clinical and Hormonal Effects of Chronic Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment in Polycystic Ovarian Disease*

96 citations , October 1987 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Chronic GnRHa treatment can help manage endometrial hyperplasia and reduce ovarian androgen excess in PCO patients.

Three-Month Treatment With a Long-Acting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist of Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Effects on Tissue Androgen Concentration, 5α-Reductase Activity and Androgen Receptor Content

research Three-Month Treatment With a Long-Acting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist of Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Effects on Tissue Androgen Concentration, 5α-Reductase Activity and Androgen Receptor Content*

82 citations , February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

A three-month treatment with a GnRH agonist significantly lowered androgen levels and 5α-reductase activity in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

research Comparison of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and a low dose oral contraceptive given alone or together in the treatment of hirsutism.

62 citations , December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Combining a GnRH agonist with a low-dose oral contraceptive is more effective and safer for treating hirsutism than using either alone.

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist (Nafarelin) Test to Differentiate Gonadotropin Deficiency from Constitutionally Delayed Puberty in Teenage Boys: A Clinical Research Center Study

research Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (nafarelin) test to differentiate gonadotropin deficiency from constitutionally delayed puberty in teen-age boys--a clinical research center study.

24 citations , October 1995 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

The nafarelin test can reliably distinguish between gonadotropin deficiency and delayed puberty in teenage boys.

research Long-Term Suppression of Testosterone After Treatment with a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in a Woman with a Presumed Testosterone Secreting Ovarian Tumor

19 citations , June 1997 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

The treatment successfully lowered testosterone levels and reduced symptoms.

research Treatment of hirsutism with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and estrogen replacement therapy

19 citations , March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility”

The combination therapy reduced hirsutism in women with PCOD and was well-tolerated.

research (PNM-35) Recurrent priapism in a sickle cell disease patient treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists drugs: a case report

February 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine”

GnRH agonists can help manage recurrent priapism in sickle cell patients, but long-term safety is unclear.

research Differential Suppression of Testosterone and Estradiol in Hirsute Women With the Superactive Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Leuprolide*

49 citations , October 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Leuprolide effectively reduces hair growth in hirsute women at higher doses.

research Hormone therapy in acne

24 citations , January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology”

Hormonal treatment is effective for women with acne not helped by usual treatments, especially if they have hormonal imbalances.

research Hyperandrogenic eumenorrheic NON-PCOS women versus women with PCOS after the GnRH-agonist stimulation test preceded by suppression of adrenal steroidogenesis with dexamethasone

1 citations , September 2024 in “Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology”

PCOS women have more severe metabolic issues and higher androgen levels than hyperandrogenic women without PCOS.

17-Hydroxyprogesterone Responses to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Reveal Distinct Phenotypes of Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

research 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Responses to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Disclose Distinct Phenotypes of Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

42 citations , September 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

The research found that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has two distinct types, with one having more severe hormone and insulin issues.

research Non polycystic ovary syndrome–related endocrine disorders associated with hirsutism

39 citations , May 2011 in “European Journal of Clinical Investigation”

Hirsutism can be caused by various conditions besides PCOS, and it's important to treat the underlying issue and manage symptoms with medication and cosmetic approaches.

research Hirsutes II: Treatment

15 citations , August 1998 in “Australasian journal of dermatology”

The document concludes that various cosmetic and drug treatments are available for hirsutism, and some new drugs show promise.

research Update on the therapeutic role of metformin in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Effects on pathophysiologic process and fertility outcomes

12 citations , February 2025 in “Women s Health”

Metformin helps manage PCOS by improving fertility and is safe for pregnancy, especially when combined with certain treatments.

research Targeting Pharmacological and Nanotechnology Based Therapeutics for Management of Hirsutism: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art

December 2023 in “̒Ulūm-i dārūyī”

New treatments for excessive hair growth in women, including advanced drugs and nanotechnology, show promise for better results.

research Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline

2170 citations , September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for safe and effective hormone treatment in gender-dysphoric individuals, with specific guidelines for adolescents and adults.

Physical Changes, Laboratory Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density During Testosterone Treatment in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria

research Physical Changes, Laboratory Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density During Testosterone Treatment in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria

71 citations , August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine”

Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.

research Hormonal treatment of acne vulgaris: an update

46 citations , September 2016 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

Hormonal treatments are effective for severe or persistent acne and should be used with other acne therapies, considering potential side effects.

research ANTIANDROGEN THERAPY IN DERMATOLOGY

32 citations , November 1996 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Antiandrogens can help treat skin conditions like acne and excessive hair in women when used carefully.

research 9 Diagnosis and therapy of hyperandrogenism

23 citations , June 1997 in “Baillière's clinical obstetrics and gynaecology”

Most women with too much androgens have PCOS, which can be managed with birth control pills, medication for hair growth, and fertility treatments, and losing weight helps too.

research CLINICAL UPDATES IN HAIR

19 citations , January 1997 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Most treatments for hair loss in 1997 were not effective for most people, and maintaining hair growth was difficult.

research The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Acne

2 citations , January 2014 in “Springer eBooks”

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) often leads to severe acne, and lifestyle changes and hormonal treatments can help manage it.

research Hirsutism

2 citations , July 2012 in “Obstetrics, gynaecology and reproductive medicine”

Hirsutism in women often indicates health issues like polycystic ovarian syndrome and is treated with lifestyle changes, medication, and cosmetic measures.

research Postmenopausal Ovarian Hyperthecosis Associated with Rapid Testosterone Excess

1 citations , January 2018 in “Journal of Gynecologic Surgery”

Removing both ovaries can treat increased testosterone and related symptoms in postmenopausal women with ovarian hyperthecosis.

research Postmenopausal Hyperandrogenism in a Patient With an Adrenal Adenoma: How Should We Approach It?

1 citations , July 2015 in “AACE clinical case reports”

Removing both ovaries treated the woman's excess male hormone symptoms.

research How to Select Pharmacologic Treatments to Manage Recidivism Risk in Sex Offenders: Consider Patient Factors When Choosing Off-Label Hormonal and Nonhormonal Agents

1 citations , October 2009 in “Current psychiatry”

Choose treatments for sex offenders based on individual needs, using hormonal and nonhormonal options to reduce sexual drive.