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February 1972 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” A unique enzyme in guinea pig hair follicles helps form protein cross-links in hair.
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May 1972 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Transglutaminases work through a ping-pong mechanism, and human plasma and platelet transglutaminases have similar catalytic subunits.
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June 1993 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Human and mouse TGase3 enzymes are similar but differ near the activation site, crucial for their function in skin and hair development.
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April 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Trichohyalin is a protein in hair follicles that helps form hair filaments.
Transglutaminases help form strong hair by linking proteins, and can potentially alter hair properties.
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July 2010 in “The FEBS journal” The study found a specific peptide that helps detect TGase 3 activity in skin and hair follicles.
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March 1994 in “Developmental dynamics” Apoptosis is essential for human skin development and forming a functional epidermis.
June 2023 in “Historical records of Australian science/Historical Records of Australian Science” George Ernest Rogers was a notable scientist who made important discoveries about hair and wool proteins.
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August 2020 in “Cells” TGM3 is important for skin and hair structure and may help diagnose cancer.
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October 1997 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Trichohyalin is modified by enzymes to form strong structures in hair cells.
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July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews” Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.
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January 2004 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Hair follicle growth and development are controlled by specific genes and molecular signals.
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March 2019 in “Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry” Neuronatin is found in specific cells within rat testis, hair follicles, tongue, and pancreas, suggesting it has various roles in tissue development and function.
November 2025 in “Nature Communications” Hair growth may involve a pulling force from the outer root sheath.
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June 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology” Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.
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July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
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November 2012 in “PLoS ONE” A gene mutation in mice causes severe skin disorder similar to a human condition.
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July 2001 in “Genes & Development” Tcf3 and Lef1 are key in deciding skin stem cell roles.
Proretinal nanoparticles are a safe and effective way to deliver retinal to the skin.
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August 2016 in “Journal of controlled release” Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.
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June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” PAD enzymes play a key role in hair growth and structure.
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August 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” TGase 3 helps build hair structure by forming strong bonds between proteins.
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July 1972 in “Biochemistry” Transamidases help form strong crosslinks in hair proteins, crucial for hair strength.
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March 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The hHa7 gene is regulated by androgens in certain body hair, not scalp hair.
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May 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A new keratin, hK6irs1, is found in all layers of the hair follicle's inner root sheath.
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November 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Fatp4 is crucial for healthy skin development and function.
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February 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Overexpression of SSAT causes hair loss and skin issues, but reducing putrescine can help.
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March 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Keratin 15 helps maintain tissue integrity and is reduced in activated keratinocytes.
January 2017 in “Springer eBooks” The document explains various skin conditions and their treatments.
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December 2022 in “Parasitologists United Journal” House fly larvae substances improve wound healing and skin regeneration, especially in immunosuppressed mice.