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January 2016 in “Development” LHX2 is essential for hair follicle development, controlled by NF-κB and TGFβ2 signaling.
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June 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The HPV type 11 region activates hair-specific gene expression in mice.
September 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Certain gene mutations in Japanese people are linked to different types of hair loss, with some causing mild hair thinning and others leading to complete baldness.
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August 2013 in “PLOS ONE” Genetic variants at 20p11 increase baldness risk in Chinese Han people.
February 2020 in “Definitions” Mutations in the KRT16 gene can cause skin and nail disorders.
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July 2017 in “Structure” FGF9 controls which receptors it binds to through a process where two FGF9 molecules join, and changes in FGF9 can lead to incorrect receptor activation.
TBX3 gene affects horse coat color, with higher expression in darker areas.
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October 2021 in “Scientific Reports” NKIRAS2 can suppress certain skin tumors but its effect on cancer varies with context and expression level.
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June 2009 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Human melanocytes in skin and hair follicles don't express keratin 16 or 6 naturally.
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January 1987 in “Carcinogenesis” TCDD changes skin cell growth and keratin production in mice.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Stabilizing HIF1A in hair follicles increases glycolysis, which may help reduce oxidative stress and support hair growth.
125 citations
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August 2003 in “Development” Mice with human-like EGFR had growth issues, skin defects, heart problems, and unusual bone development.
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June 2018 in “EMBO Reports” YAP and TAZ proteins are necessary for the development of two types of skin cancer.
September 2023 in “Plant journal” A protein called GIS3 is important for the growth of root hairs in Arabidopsis by controlling two genes with the help of certain growth signals.
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January 2011 in “Annals of Dermatology” Researchers found a new mutation in the HR gene linked to a rare hair loss condition.
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March 1994 in “Journal of Heredity” A mutation in mice causes hair loss and immune problems.
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May 2008 in “Histochemistry and Cell Biology” Keratins are crucial for cell stability, wound healing, and cancer diagnosis.
March 2007 in “Journal of Cell Science” K10 may not prevent tumors as previously thought and might increase benign tumor risk.
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March 2017 in “PubMed” Enhancers and super-enhancers are key in controlling specific gene activity and can play a role in cancer development.
April 2010 in “Cancer Research” Stat3 activation increases hair follicle progenitors but reduces bulge region stem cells.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dynlt3 is important for melanosome transport and skin coloration.
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February 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” K39 and K40 are the last keratins expressed in hair development, completing the hair keratin catalog.
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October 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” New mutations in hair keratin genes can change hair structure and cause monilethrix, with nail issues more common in certain gene mutations.
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March 2025 in “Science Advances” A specific DNA duplication in Polish chickens affects feather shape by altering gene expression.
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February 1998 in “Polymer journal” Keratin structure in hair is stable at pH 5-6 but disrupts between pH 6-7.
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May 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Excessive putrescine causes hair loss in transgenic mice by disrupting hair follicle development.
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October 1997 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Trichohyalin is modified by enzymes to form strong structures in hair cells.
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January 2023 in “Cancer Research” AMPK activation may reduce melanoma risk in red-haired individuals.
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September 2003 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Vitamin D receptor and hairless protein are essential for hair growth.
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March 2002 in “Molecular and cellular biology” Mutant CDP/Cux protein causes hair defects and reduced male fertility in mice.