August 2007 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Hair fibers break by cuticle cell slipping, shape changing, cuticle fraying, and surface cracking when stretched under specific conditions.
248 citations
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April 1988 in “Differentiation” Human and bovine hair follicles have distinct cytokeratins specific to hair-forming cells.
161 citations
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July 2003 in “ACM Transactions on Graphics” Researchers developed a new model for more realistic computer graphics rendering of hair by considering how light scatters on hair fibers.
117 citations
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August 2005 in “Ultramicroscopy” Human hair's strength and flexibility vary by ethnicity, damage, and treatment.
109 citations
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June 2000 in “Development” Notch pathway activation causes abnormal hair layer development.
98 citations
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December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Keratin gene regulation is similar across mammals, affecting hair follicle differentiation.
Researchers developed a new model for more realistic computer graphics of hair by considering how light scatters on hair fibers.
81 citations
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December 2007 in “Acta materialia” AFM helped show how hair changes under tension and the effects of damage and conditioner.
56 citations
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January 1996 in “Journal of Forensic Sciences” Dye enters hair at the edges of cuticle cells and penetrates more from water than alcohol-based solutions.
52 citations
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August 1978 in “Journal of Applied Polymer Science” Human hair's ability to get wet is complex and can change with treatments, damage, and environment.
49 citations
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April 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair ages as the cuticle wears down, especially beyond 1 meter from the root, affecting its strength and shine.
31 citations
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June 2010 in “Journal of dermatology” Hair bleaching causes significant damage to hair and skin.
30 citations
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July 2000 in “PubMed” Hair has unevenly distributed proteins and lipids, with lipids mainly in the cuticle and proteins in the cortex and medulla.
27 citations
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January 1995 Melanin in black hair protects it from sun damage better than light-brown hair.
23 citations
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January 1981 Hair is mostly made of three protein types: helical, high-sulfur, and high-tyrosine.
19 citations
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July 1964 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells become four types: medulla, cortex, cuticle, and inner root sheath.
18 citations
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August 2009 in “Skin Research and Technology” OCT can identify hair structures, but chemical treatments can damage them.
18 citations
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March 2009 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Sunlight damages hair, causing cuticle loss, protein changes, and discoloration.
15 citations
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June 2019 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Chemical and physical treatments like bleaching, dyeing, and UV radiation damage both Caucasian and Afro-ethnic hair.
13 citations
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March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair coloring increases copper and calcium uptake, damaging hair and reducing shine.
12 citations
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July 2015 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Curly hair breaks due to mechanical damage and environmental factors, not chemical makeup, and needs ongoing care to prevent breakage.
12 citations
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February 2011 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Hair properties vary with age and ethnic origin.
10 citations
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December 2001 in “PubMed” The conclusion is that substances can penetrate hair fibers through multiple pathways, including both the cell membrane complex and the non-keratinous parts.
9 citations
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February 2016 in “Anatomical Science International” Hair proteins change location and structure as hair cells mature.
9 citations
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March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The torsional method effectively evaluates hair damage and the performance of hair care ingredients.
9 citations
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January 2003 The evolution of mammal body hair remains a mystery.
8 citations
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January 2012 in “International journal of polymer analysis and characterization/IJPAC. International journal of polymer analysis and characterization/IJPAC. International journal of analysis and characterization” Hydrogenated palm oil repairs and conditions damaged hair by preventing swelling.
7 citations
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March 2003 in “Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings)” Calcium soaps are present in human hair and can be removed with acid.
6 citations
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May 2003 in “PubMed” Small amounts of DNA can be found in the hair shaft, especially near the root, but it decreases with hair treatments and washing.
5 citations
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July 2010 in “Journal of life sciences” Gray hair has more continuous medullation and a higher medullary diameter than black hair.