36 citations
,
December 1991 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Human nails contain both skin and hair keratins, each needing different extraction methods.
36 citations
,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
35 citations
,
August 2009 in “Differentiation” Desmoglein 4 is controlled by specific proteins that affect hair growth.
33 citations
,
February 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Mutations in the p63 gene affect skin adhesion, barrier integrity, and hair growth.
30 citations
,
September 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Bleaching hair causes severe structural and chemical damage, including protein loss and oxidation.
30 citations
,
October 2010 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications” The Gsdma3 gene is essential for normal hair development in mice.
28 citations
,
September 2013 in “European Journal of Histochemistry” Keratins in Malayan pangolins vary by region, suggesting scales evolved from the tail towards the head.
28 citations
,
December 2011 in “Biocatalysis and biotransformation” PDI helps restore over-bleached hair's strength and structure by attaching special peptides.
25 citations
,
August 2017 in “Frontiers in Zoology” Marine mammals lost many α-keratin genes, aiding their adaptation to aquatic life by becoming hairless.
23 citations
,
June 2014 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Glyoxylic acid is a safer alternative to formaldehyde for hair straightening and effectively changes hair structure.
20 citations
,
July 2010 in “Skin Research and Technology” Aging makes hair thinner and rougher, with less clear edges.
19 citations
,
September 2007 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Glucocorticoid receptors help regulate genes important for skin health and hair growth.
19 citations
,
July 1997 in “British Journal of Dermatology” LHTric-1 is a specific antibody useful for studying hair and nail formation.
18 citations
,
March 2009 in “Experimental Dermatology” Pilomatricoma can develop into various hair-related structures.
18 citations
,
November 2005 in “European Journal of Cell Biology” Keratin gene clusters in humans and marsupials are similarly organized.
18 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.
17 citations
,
June 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Mutations in hKAP1 genes may cause hereditary hair disorders.
16 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair and wool have diverse keratins and keratin-associated proteins.
15 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Keratin proteins are crucial for hair growth and structure.
14 citations
,
September 2019 in “Forensic Science International Genetics” Hair keratin proteins can be reliably identified in hair as short as 0.12 cm, with 0.5 to 2 cm being the best length for analysis.
14 citations
,
October 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The keratin naming system was updated to include 54 genes, especially for hair-related keratins.
14 citations
,
September 2016 in “Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology” UV exposure damages hair, increasing thiols and altering protein structure.
13 citations
,
November 2003 in “Humana Press eBooks” ES cells can be turned into hair follicle cells in a lab setting.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Heat damages hair, with Asian hair losing more protein than Caucasian hair.
13 citations
,
September 2017 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Thioglycerol treatment at pH 9.0 with ammonia causes less hair damage and better waving than thioglycolic acid.
13 citations
,
July 2017 in “Biopolymers” Recombinant keratins can form useful structures for medical applications, overcoming natural keratin limitations.
11 citations
,
January 2012 in “Journal of cell science” Rac1 is essential for proper hair structure and color.
11 citations
,
March 2001 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Hair microscopy is useful for diagnosing hair disorders, but clear definitions are needed for accurate genetic analysis.
9 citations
,
February 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The document concludes that the human keratin gene cluster is complex, with a need for updated naming to reflect over 50 functional genes important for hair and skin biology.
8 citations
,
March 2004 in “Mammalian genome” KAP genes are crucial for hair development and show both shared and unique traits in humans, chimpanzees, and baboons.