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GlossaryHair Keratinocytes

specialized cells in hair follicles producing structural protein keratin

Hair keratinocytes are specialized cells found in the hair follicle that produce keratin, a protein that forms the structural foundation of hair. These cells play a crucial role in the growth and strength of hair, as they continuously divide and differentiate to form the hair shaft.

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DNA Dioxygenases Tet1/2/3 Control Hair Matrix Keratinocyte Differentiation and Hair Shaft Shape via Regulation of Hair Keratin Gene Expression

research 764 DNA dioxygenases Tet1/2/3 control hair matrix keratinocyte differentiation and hair shaft shape via regulation of hair keratin gene expression

June 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The enzymes Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3 are important for the development of hair follicles and determining hair shape by controlling hair keratin genes.

Differential Effects of Caffeine on Hair Shaft Elongation, Matrix and Outer Root Sheath Keratinocyte Proliferation, and Transforming Growth Factor-β2/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Mediated Regulation of the Hair Cycle in Male and Female Human Hair Follicles In Vitro

research Differential effects of caffeine on hair shaft elongation, matrix and outer root sheath keratinocyte proliferation, and transforming growth factor‐β2/insulin‐like growth factor‐1‐mediated regulation of the hair cycle in male and female human hair folliclesin vitro

60 citations , May 2014 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Caffeine affects hair growth and health differently in men and women.

Improvement of Androgenetic Alopecia with Topical Sophora Flavescens Aiton Extract, and Identification of the Two Active Compounds in the Extract That Stimulate Proliferation of Human Hair Keratinocytes

research Improvement of androgenetic alopecia with topicalSophora flavescensAiton extract, and identification of the two active compounds in the extract that stimulate proliferation of human hair keratinocytes

11 citations , October 2015 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

Sophora flavescens extract helps hair growth and treats hair loss.

research l-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate promotes elongation of hair shafts via the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 from dermal papilla cells through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

34 citations , March 2009 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Vitamin C derivative helps hair grow longer by making cells produce a growth factor through a specific cellular pathway.

research Hair Loss Caused by Gain-of-Function Mutant TRPV3 Is Associated with Premature Differentiation of Follicular Keratinocytes

11 citations , March 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A gene mutation causes early keratinocyte maturation leading to hair loss in Olmsted syndrome.

research Autophagy Controls the Protein Composition of Hair Shafts

2 citations , July 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Autophagy changes the protein makeup of hair.

research Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase A levels decrease in hair keratinocytes during androgenetic alopecia

2 citations , January 2013 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

ALDOA levels drop in hair cells during hair loss.

Generation of Human Hair Follicle Organoids In Vitro and Ex Vivo by Co-Culture of Primary Human Hair Matrix Keratinocytes and Dermal Papilla Fibroblasts

research 773 Generation of human hair follicle organoids in vitro and ex vivo by co-culture of primary human hair matrix keratinocytes and dermal papilla fibroblasts

June 2020 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Scientists successfully grew mini hair follicles using human skin cells, which could help treat baldness.

A Model System to Analyze the Ability of Human Keratinocytes to Form Hair Follicles

research A model system to analyse the ability of human keratinocytes to form hair follicles

15 citations , April 2014 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Scientists developed a system to study human hair growth using skin cells, which could help understand hair development and improve skin substitutes for medical use.

research 1430 Autophagy controls the protein composition of hair shafts

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Autophagy is important for determining the protein makeup of hair.

research EGFR Controls Hair Shaft Differentiation in a p53-Independent Manner

13 citations , April 2019 in “iScience”

EGFR helps control how hair grows and forms without needing p53 protein.

The Lysosomal Protease Cathepsin L Is an Important Regulator of Keratinocyte and Melanocyte Differentiation During Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Cycling

research The Lysosomal Protease Cathepsin L Is an Important Regulator of Keratinocyte and Melanocyte Differentiation During Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Cycling

146 citations , May 2002 in “The American journal of pathology”

Cathepsin L is essential for normal hair growth and development.

research Krtap11-1, a hair keratin-associated protein, as a possible crucial element for the physical properties of hair shafts

38 citations , January 2014 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Krtap11-1 is important for hair strength and structure.

research Preparing the hair follicle canal for hair shaft emergence

5 citations , October 2020 in “Experimental dermatology”

A specific type of skin cell creates an opening for hair to grow out, and problems with this process can lead to skin conditions.

research Hair Growth Promoting Effects of Kesh-Kanti-Expert-Oil are Mediated Through Keratinocyte Proliferation and Modulation in Follicular Microenvironment

November 2025 in “Pharmacological Research - Natural Products”

Kesh Kanti Expert Oil promotes hair growth and protects hair health.

research Erythropoietin promotes hair shaft growth in cultured human hair follicles and modulates hair growth in mice

17 citations , May 2010 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Erythropoietin helps hair grow and could be a potential treatment for hair loss.

Control of Human Hair Growth by Neurotrophins: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits Hair Shaft Elongation, Induces Catagen, and Stimulates Follicular Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 Expression

research Control of Human Hair Growth by Neurotrophins: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits Hair Shaft Elongation, Induces Catagen, and Stimulates Follicular Transforming Growth Factor β2 Expression

64 citations , March 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) slows down hair growth and promotes hair follicle regression.

research Expression pattern of human hair keratin basic 1 (hHbl) in hair follicle and pilomatricoma

8 citations , April 1997 in “Experimental Dermatology”

hHbl gene is active in hair shaft cells and some pilomatricomas.

research 583 Promoting hair growth and hair keratin production with a propolis extract

July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Propolis extract can promote hair growth and increase keratin production.

Human Scalp Hair Follicles Are Both a Target and a Source of Prolactin, Which Serves as an Autocrine and/or Paracrine Promoter of Apoptosis-Driven Hair Follicle Regression

research Human Scalp Hair Follicles Are Both a Target and a Source of Prolactin, which Serves as an Autocrine and/or Paracrine Promoter of Apoptosis-Driven Hair Follicle Regression

128 citations , March 2006 in “American Journal of Pathology”

Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone: A New Player in Human Hair Growth Control

research Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH): a new player in human hair‐growth control

72 citations , October 2009 in “The FASEB journal”

TRH stimulates human hair growth and extends the hair growth phase.

research Profiling the Response of Human Hair Follicles to Ultraviolet Radiation

53 citations , January 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

UVB radiation harms hair growth and health, causing cell death and other changes in human hair follicles.

research Induction of Hair Growth by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in 1,763 MHz Radiofrequency-Irradiated Hair Follicle Cells

39 citations , December 2011 in “PLoS ONE”

Radiofrequency exposure can stimulate hair growth by increasing IGF-1 in hair follicle cells.

Characterization of Cell Cycle Arrest and Terminal Differentiation in a Maximally Proliferative Human Epithelial Tissue: Lessons from the Human Hair Follicle Matrix

research Characterisation of cell cycle arrest and terminal differentiation in a maximally proliferative human epithelial tissue: Lessons from the human hair follicle matrix

30 citations , April 2017 in “European Journal of Cell Biology”

CIP/KIP proteins help stop cell division and support hair growth.

research L‐Carnitine–L‐tartrate promotes human hair growth in vitro

26 citations , October 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology”

L-Carnitine-L-tartrate may help hair grow and prevent hair loss.

research Topically Applied Nicotinamide Inhibits Human Hair Follicle Growth Ex Vivo

13 citations , December 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Nicotinamide applied to the scalp can slow down hair growth.

research Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists Stimulate Human Hair Growth ex vivo

1 citations , January 2019 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

Eplerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, was found to promote hair growth in human hair follicles.

research Targeting olfactory receptor OR2AT4: An innovative aptamer-based treatment for hair growth promotion

June 2025 in “Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids”

A new treatment using a DNA aptamer can promote hair growth by targeting a specific receptor.

Interest of Silybum Marianum Extract, Manganese PCA, and Lespedeza Capitata Extract in a New Anti-Hair Loss Serum to Stimulate Hair Growth and Prolong Anagen Phase

research 586 Interest of Silybum marianum extract, Manganese PCA and Lespedeza capitata extract in a new anti-hair loss serum to stimulate hair growth and prolong anagen phase

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The extract of Silybum marianum, Manganese PCA, and Lespedeza capitata can boost hair growth and extend the growth phase when combined in a serum.

research 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine induced effluvium via p53-mediated CD326-positive keratinocyte apoptosis in C57BL/6 mice

August 2016 in “Journal of Dermatology”

A chemical called 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine caused rapid hair loss in mice by killing certain skin cells through a specific cell death pathway.