73 citations
,
October 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Chemical hair straightening can damage hair and health, needing safer alternatives and stricter regulations.
23 citations
,
June 2014 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Glyoxylic acid is a safer alternative to formaldehyde for hair straightening and effectively changes hair structure.
20 citations
,
July 1988 in “Clinics in dermatology” Thioglycolate lotions are the most popular method for permanent waving and hair straightening.
13 citations
,
March 2017 in “Skin Research and Technology” Formaldehyde damages curly hair more than glyoxylic acid.
7 citations
,
August 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Chemical hair straightening improves smoothness and shine but may cause side effects, suggesting a need for safer methods.
4 citations
,
January 2021 in “Skin appendage disorders” Hair straightening can damage hair and pose health risks, including exposure to carcinogens and hair loss.
1 citations
,
June 2021 in “Preprints.org” Hair relaxers and straighteners can be toxic to skin cells.
September 2020 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences” Protein hair straighteners damage the hair more than hair dyes.
September 2025 in “Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA” Chemical hair straighteners can severely damage hair and scalp with repeated use.
August 2021 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” Modern hair straightening improves manageability and strength while maintaining natural waves.
October 2024 in “UNESP Institutional Repository (São Paulo State University)” Straightening and dyeing damage hair structure.
January 2013 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” Hair perms or treatments seem safe to use up to 3 to 4 times during pregnancy.
3 citations
,
June 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Lower pH straighteners change hair more but weaken it.
October 2015 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening changes hair structure and can cause damage if done wrong, but improvements in the methods are expected to continue.
March 2010 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.
11 citations
,
June 2013 in “PubMed” The automated flat iron can permanently straighten hair without chemicals, especially at 154°C, and silicone improves the results.
November 2025 in “Contact Dermatitis” Hair straightening products with glyoxylic acid can cause skin irritation and kidney damage.
October 2025 in “Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation” Hair-straightening products with glyoxylic acid can cause kidney damage.
August 2025 in “Clinical Toxicology” Hair-straightening products with glyoxylic acid may cause kidney damage.
July 2024 in “Minerva Digital Library (Universidad EAN)” A natural hair treatment alternative to chemical straightening is being developed to reduce health risks.
2 citations
,
January 2022 in “Anais brasileiros de dermatologia/Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” Chemical hair straighteners can cause scalp and hair damage, but long-term effects are unclear.
10 citations
,
January 1994 Hair can be straightened using different chemicals, not just strong alkali.
8 citations
,
October 2014 in “Journal of analytical toxicology.” Chemical hair straightening significantly reduces detectable drug levels in hair.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” The herbal cream effectively smooths and straightens hair safely.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” The herbal cream effectively smooths and straightens hair safely.
23 citations
,
January 2016 in “Forensic Science International” Thermal hair straightening changes drug levels in hair, affecting test results.
18 citations
,
July 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Straightening and coloring hair, especially with sodium hydroxide, greatly increases protein loss.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” The new hair straightening method keeps hair straight permanently by using specific creams and heat.
5 citations
,
June 2019 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Chemical hair straightening may be linked to a type of permanent hair loss.
February 2025 in “Biomimetics” The shampoo straightens hair while keeping it healthy and less damaged.