343 citations
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December 2008 in “Endocrine Reviews” Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.
152 citations
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December 2007 in “Gender Medicine” Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.
151 citations
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May 2014 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Effective treatments for male pattern baldness include oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, while topical minoxidil is best for female pattern baldness.
66 citations
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August 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with acromegaly often have irregular periods due to hormone imbalances and growth hormone effects.
62 citations
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April 2004 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” Finasteride effectively treats male pattern baldness, improving hair growth and density.
60 citations
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September 1979 in “Fertility and sterility” Spironolactone can reduce hair growth in women with hirsutism.
research ACNE
58 citations
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January 1997 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Acne significantly affects mental health and quality of life, with research suggesting hormonal and genetic factors in its development and emphasizing early treatment to prevent scarring.
38 citations
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June 2004 in “Human Reproduction” The document suggests that clinical trials for PCOS should focus on meaningful primary outcomes like live birth rates, rather than less reliable surrogate markers.
20 citations
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April 2021 in “Journal of Womens Health” Testosterone can help premenopausal and postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but its long-term safety is unclear and it's not widely approved for this use.
17 citations
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June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
17 citations
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January 1995 in “The American Journal of Medicine” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and tailored long-term treatment can effectively manage androgenic disorders in women, improving patient care outcomes.
15 citations
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February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
11 citations
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August 2019 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Women with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia experience more sexual dysfunction and distress.
6 citations
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April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
6 citations
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June 2017 in “Reproductive Biomedicine Online” Chinese women with PCOS have higher androgen levels, which change with age and weight.
2 citations
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September 2016 in “Springer eBooks” Humans can accurately guess age from faces, with women being slightly better at it, and age perception is linked to evolutionary factors.
1 citations
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June 2019 in “Innovare journal of medical sciences” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder in women that can cause infertility and other health issues, and it may be improved by treatments that increase insulin sensitivity.
1 citations
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July 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Heredity and hormones cause common hair loss, and topical minoxidil is the first recommended treatment.
1 citations
,
September 2012 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgen replacement therapy can improve libido and mood in women with severe androgen deficiency, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
July 2015 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” Androgens like testosterone affect skin health and can lead to conditions such as acne and hair loss, with various treatments available.
May 2015 in “Endocrinología y nutrición” The conclusion is that adult males with muscle weakness and hormonal imbalances should be tested for Kennedy's disease.
January 2013 in “Yearbook of Urology” The Princeton III Consensus recommends assessing cardiovascular risk in men with erectile dysfunction and prioritizing heart health before treating ED, especially in those with potential heart disease.
January 2011 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” Hyperthyroidism can hide signs of high androgen levels in females.
54 citations
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May 2018 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Low level laser therapy works best for hair loss, followed by PRP, finasteride, and minoxidil.
8 citations
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January 2015 in “PubMed” Phyllanthus niruri extract may help treat hair loss by promoting hair growth and blocking a hair loss-related enzyme.
8 citations
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January 1987 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Flutamide, an antiandrogen, has minimal impact on female rat endocrine systems and does not significantly change their reproductive cycles.
1 citations
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January 2022 Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol improve hormonal and physical symptoms in teenage girls with PCOS.
November 2025 in “Pharmacological Research” Plant-derived nanoparticles from Polygoni Multiflori Radix promote hair growth better than Minoxidil by affecting androgen pathways.
July 2025 in “Dermatologica Sinica” Glycyrrhizin may help regrow hair by activating a specific pathway.
1′S-1′-Acetoxychavicol acetate may help treat hair loss by reducing oxidative stress.