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October 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.
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October 2008 in “Endocrine reviews” Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.
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April 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” CD34 is a marker for isolating stem-like cells in mouse hair follicles.
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January 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.
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October 2003 in “PTR. Phytotherapy research/Phytotherapy research” Natural products in cosmetics are beneficial for skin and hair care with low toxicity.
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April 2012 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss with no cure and treatments that often don't work well.
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January 2005 in “The FASEB journal” Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin, which help protect and maintain it.
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February 2007 in “Hormone and metabolic research” Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.
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February 2013 in “Science Signaling” Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are essential for skin and hair development.
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April 2009 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Niosomes improve minoxidil skin delivery for hair loss treatment.
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February 2013 in “Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology” Polymeric nanoparticles show promise for treating skin diseases.
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December 2012 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” Wnt signaling is crucial for skin development and health, and its disruption can cause skin diseases.
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April 2014 in “Drugs” Teriflunomide helps reduce multiple sclerosis symptoms and is safe for most patients.
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January 2008 in “Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism” Melatonin in the skin helps protect against damage from stress and UV rays, and could be used to treat certain skin conditions.
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February 2018 in “Polymers” Chitin and chitosan are useful in cosmetics for oral care, haircare, and skincare, including UV protection and strength improvement.
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December 2010 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Some patients taking finasteride or dutasteride may have ongoing sexual problems and depression even after stopping the medication.
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October 1993 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hair loss affects women's mental health more than men's, causing anxiety, low self-esteem, and social insecurity.
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January 2005 in “Endocrine journal” Melatonin is important for skin health and protection, and can be made by the skin or applied to it.
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February 2000 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry” Antiandrogens like flutamide are effective in treating conditions like prostate cancer and hair loss, but there's a need for more potent versions. Understanding their structure can help develop better treatments.
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June 1992 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hair loss can cause low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression in men.
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September 2006 in “PLoS Genetics” The Apc gene is crucial for normal skin and thymus development.
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August 2016 in “Advances in wound care” New effective scar treatments are urgently needed due to the current options' limited success.
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May 2006 in “Developmental Dynamics” Jumonji genes are important for development and their mutations can cause abnormalities, especially in the heart and brain.
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November 2016 in “Cell stem cell” Different types of skin cells have unique genetic markers that affect how likely they are to spread cancer.
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August 2009 in “EMBO molecular medicine” Epidermal stem cells are diverse and vary in activity, playing key roles in skin maintenance and repair.
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January 2014 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” PRP injections increase hair density and satisfaction in androgenetic alopecia patients.
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March 2012 in “BMC biology” Stem cell niches support, regulate, and coordinate stem cell functions.
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January 2014 in “Seminars in cell & developmental biology” Early development of hair, teeth, and glands involves specific signaling pathways and cellular interactions.
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August 2011 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.