research The Intermediate Filament Architecture as Determined by X-Ray Diffraction Modeling of Hard α-Keratin
Hard α-keratin in hair has a unique, nonordered structure, different from other fibers.
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30 / 1000+ resultsresearch Induction of Hard Keratin Expression in Non-Nail-Matrical Keratinocytes by Nail-Matrical Fibroblasts through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions
Nail-matrical fibroblasts can make non-nail cells produce hard keratin, useful for nail repair.
research Hard Keratin IF and Associated Proteins
research Cultured nail keratinocytes express hard keratins characteristic of nail and hair in vivo
Lab-grown nail cells show characteristics similar to natural nail and hair.
research Immunogenicity of Hair Proteins Containing Hard Keratins.
Human hair and nail proteins are unlikely to cause allergic reactions.
research Convergent Evolution of Cysteine-Rich Keratins in Hard Skin Appendages of Terrestrial Vertebrates
Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
research Regulation of hard α-keratin mechanics via control of intermediate filament hydration: matrix squeeze revisited
Hard α-keratins stay stiff in water because the surrounding matrix keeps them dehydrated and strong.
research Hard alpha-keratin degradation inside a tissue under high flux X-ray synchrotron micro-beam: A multi-scale time-resolved study
High flux X-ray beams quickly damage the structure of human hair.
research ‘Hard’ and ‘soft’ principles defining the structure, function and regulation of keratin intermediate filaments
Keratin filaments are crucial for cell structure and protection, with ongoing discoveries about their genes and functions.
research Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Trichocyte (Hard α-Keratin) Intermediate Filaments Reveals a Low-Density Core
Trichocyte filaments have a low-density core and may include proteins for hair structure.
research Keratin 17 Expression in the Hard Epithelial Context of the Hair and Nail, and its Relevance for the Pachyonychia Congenita Phenotype
Keratin 17 is important for hair and nail structure and affects pachyonychia congenita symptoms.
research In vivo formation steps of the hard α-keratin intermediate filament along a hair follicle: Evidence for structural polymorphism
Hair follicles form hard α-keratin filaments in four steps, showing structural differences.
research Acidic and basic hair/nail ("hard") keratins: their colocalization in upper cortical and cuticle cells of the human hair follicle and their relationship to "soft" keratins.
Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.
research Nucleation and growth of macrofibrils in trichocyte (hard-α) keratins
Sheet formation is key to macrofibril structure differences in wool.
research The Proteins of Hair and Other Hard α-Keratins
research Structure and biochemistry of mammalian hard keratin
research Transient Expression of Mouse Hair Keratins in Transfected HeLa Cells: Interactions Between “Hard” and “Soft” Keratins
research Evolution of hard proteins in the sauropsid integument in relation to the cornification of skin derivatives in amniotes
Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
research Chapter 3 Expression and Modification of Keratins During Terminal Differentiation of Mammalian Epidermis
Keratins change and are modified differently in skin layers and body parts.
research The RAIG Family Member, GPRC5D, Is Associated with Hard-Keratinized Structures
GPRC5D is linked to the formation of hair, nails, and certain tongue areas.
research A gene for monilethrix is closely linked to the type II keratin gene cluster at 12q13
Monilethrix is linked to a gene cluster on chromosome 12.
research The Proteins of Normal and Aberrant Hair Keratins
Hair is mostly made of three protein types: helical, high-sulfur, and high-tyrosine.
research Mapping of monilethrix to the type II keratin gene cluster at chromosome 12q13 in three new families, including one with variable expressivity
Monilethrix is linked to the type II keratin gene on chromosome 12q13.
research Ultrastructural localization of hair keratin homologs in the claw of the lizard Anolis carolinensis
Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
research Sequence and Expression of Murine Type I Hair Keratins mHa2 and mHa3
mHa2 and mHa3 keratins have different structures and roles in mouse hair and tongue tissues.
research An Electron Microscopy Study of Keratin Degradation by the Fungus Microsporum gypseum in vitro
Microsporum gypseum fungus breaks down keratin in hair by digesting it enzymatically, starting with less keratinized parts.
research Structural and Immunocytochemical Characterization of Keratinization in Vertebrate Epidermis and Epidermal Derivatives
Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
research Novel KRT 83 and KRT 86 mutations associated with monilethrix
New mutations in KRT83 and KRT86 are linked to the hair disorder monilethrix.
research Comparative Spatial Transcriptomic and Single-Cell Analyses of Human Nail Units and Hair Follicles Show Transcriptional Similarities between the Onychodermis and Follicular Dermal Papilla
Human nails and hair follicles have similar gene activity, especially in the cells that contribute to their growth and development.
research The role of disulfide bond formation in the structural transition observed in the intermediate filaments of developing hair
Disulfide bonds are crucial for hair structure during keratinization.