September 1989 in “PubMed” The method allows detailed observation of hair tissue structures.
30 citations
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November 2012 in “Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences” Hard α-keratins stay stiff in water because the surrounding matrix keeps them dehydrated and strong.
December 2025 in “Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry” Pepsin digestion improves accuracy in analyzing proteins in human hair.
June 2025 in “Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine” Keratin biomaterials could help heal wounds and regenerate tissue, but more testing is needed.
12 citations
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January 1934 in “Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Containing Papers of a Biological Character” Stretched hair has a similar structure to natural silk, showing hair's elasticity involves reversible changes within its molecules.
22 citations
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September 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” S100A8 and S100A9 proteins help form hair shafts during growth.
Brazilian keratin treatment can cause skin reactions like eczema.
64 citations
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April 1992 in “Differentiation” Sciellin is a protein that helps form protective layers in skin, hair, and nails.
January 2017 in “Journal of Chemical Biological and Physical Sciences” Human hair keratin genes have unique simple sequence repeats that may help track genetic variations.
research Hair
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hair grows from living roots, is made of dead keratin, and goes through growth, rest, and shedding stages.
39 citations
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June 2012 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Disulfide bonds are crucial for hair structure during keratinization.
63 citations
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December 1998 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology” The study improved understanding of keratin fiber structure by showing consistent microfibril diameter but varying distances and electron density profiles.
17 citations
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November 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The document concludes that over 500 genes are linked to hair disorders and this knowledge is important for creating new treatments.
August 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The hexosamine pathway helps protect skin cells from stress and may improve skin and hair health.
33 citations
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October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
April 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” 16-MHA can restore the barrier and moisture of damaged hair, making it similar to undamaged hair.
1 citations
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August 2015 in “PubMed” Human hair's strength comes from a honeycomb-like structure and macrofibrils.
46 citations
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November 1998 in “Experimental Cell Research” K15 gene is mainly active in the basal layers of hair follicles and epithelia, aiding early skin cell development.
89 citations
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April 2015 in “Materials Science and Engineering C” Keratin-based hydrogels from human hair improve wound healing effectively.
November 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” Charge-conversion chemistry improves hair-rebonding by enhancing penetration and strength.
25 citations
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September 1995 in “Biochemistry and Cell Biology” High levels of human keratin 16 in mice cause skin lesions and abnormal skin development.
24 citations
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April 2017 in “Oncology Reports” The hair keratin gene KRT81 is found in both normal and breast cancer cells and helps them invade surrounding tissues.
16 citations
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May 2015 in “Tissue Engineering Part C-methods” A two-step method was created in 2015 to make more cells that help with hair growth, but they need to be combined with other cells for 4 days to actually form new hair.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Sweat glands and hair follicles are determined by opposing signals, with BMPs promoting sweat glands and blocking BMPs leading to hair follicles.
August 2023 in “Journal of Student Research” Human hair keratin mixed with rubber slightly improves its strength and biodegradability.
11 citations
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February 2018 in “Amino acids” Copper and iron cause keratin damage in hair by converting methionine to homocysteine.
54 citations
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January 1984 in “Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry” 53 citations
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March 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human skin cells have a high-affinity system for biotin transport, crucial for skin health.
September 2016 in “Journal of dermatological science” HAP stem cells can repair nerves and spinal cords by becoming Schwann cells.
80 citations
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June 2002 in “Molecular Biology of the Cell” Type II keratins are uniquely phosphorylated during stress and mitosis, affecting their structure and function.