159 citations
,
July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews” Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.
67 citations
,
January 2007 in “Climacteric” Estrogens and SERMs can help with skin aging, but their safety and effectiveness need more research.
150 citations
,
April 2013 in “Dermato-endocrinology” Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.
75 citations
,
January 2014 in “Korean Journal of Urology” 5α-reductase inhibitors can cause sexual problems, higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and depression.
71 citations
,
June 2006 in “Human Reproduction” Women with PCOS who have low SHBG are more likely to have low good cholesterol and metabolic syndrome.
59 citations
,
February 2021 in “BMJ” High doses of cyproterone acetate increase the risk of brain tumors in women, but the risk decreases after stopping the medication.
59 citations
,
March 2013 in “European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology” People with polycystic ovary syndrome have a higher chance of having chronic thyroiditis.
19 citations
,
March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
12 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
6 citations
,
January 2010 in “Neoplasma” Certain gene patterns in breast cancer are linked to how active hormone receptors are and could affect patient survival.
3 citations
,
December 2011 in “Pediatric Dermatology” The patient's long-term hair loss was caused by leukemia treatments and low estrogen levels, worsened by her genetic tendency for hair loss.
2 citations
,
December 1994 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The treatment effectively reduced hair growth and was safe for patients with PCOS, but it needs better bleeding control.
April 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” PCOS is common among young Saudi medical students, with symptoms like hair loss, acne, and weight gain.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience” Neurosteroids like neuro-estrogen and neuro-androgen are crucial for brain function and can improve cognition and protect against aging-related decline.
February 2026 in “Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy” High-dose radioactive iodine therapy does not harm fertility in thyroidectomy patients.
July 2021 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Alopecia patients have less GPER-1, which might affect hair loss.
137 citations
,
June 2005 in “Climacteric” Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.
3 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human scalp hair growth are unclear and need more research.
113 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Cyproterone acetate-estrogen most effective for hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient needs.
93 citations
,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
23 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” All treatments reduce hair growth; low dose flutamide most effective with fewer side effects.
13 citations
,
December 2012 in “Frontiers in bioscience” Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.
9 citations
,
January 2018 in “American Journal of Men's Health” Finasteride use can cause lasting negative effects like sexual dysfunction, depression, anxiety, and cognitive issues.
9 citations
,
January 2016 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” The study concluded that both estrogen and androgen receptors, which decrease with age, are linked to skin aging and may be hormonally regulated.
4 citations
,
March 2017 in “Development” Estrogen is important for keeping adult mouse nipple skin healthy by controlling certain cell signals.
March 2026 in “Scientific Reports” Ferulic acid may help hair grow by activating certain receptors in cells.
August 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” PCOS may be influenced by factors in the blood, not just the ovaries.
December 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Estrogen increases a growth factor in hair cells which might affect hair loss.
August 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” A postmenopausal woman's facial redness, acne, and excess hair were caused by too much hormone therapy for insomnia, but improved after stopping the treatment.
51 citations
,
October 2002 in “European journal of endocrinology” Low-dose finasteride effectively treats hirsutism, is safe, and cost-effective.