26 citations
,
October 2014 in “Andrologia” Infertile men are more likely to produce sperm with abnormal chromosome numbers, which can affect pregnancy success and embryo health.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe insulin resistance improved with treatment, but she still had high testosterone levels due to ovarian issues.
9 citations
,
March 2019 in “European Journal of Sport Science” New signs like changes in blood markers, physical symptoms, and behavioral shifts may help detect hidden steroid use in athletes.
66 citations
,
November 2001 in “European journal of endocrinology” Low SHBG and high FAI, FT, and DHEAS levels are effective in identifying PCOS.
July 2020 in “Endocrine practice” A 13-year-old boy with Cushing syndrome has high cortisol levels from a pituitary gland issue and underdeveloped sexual characteristics.
6 citations
,
April 2009 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride helps induce ovulation in nonresponder PCOS women.
36 citations
,
November 1995 in “Clinical endocrinology” Low-dose flutamide helps reduce excessive hair growth and is even more effective with birth control, without bad effects on blood fats.
February 2018 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” High doses of Lagenaria siceraria fruit powder lower FSH and LH hormone levels in male rats.
3 citations
,
January 2024 in “Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira” Women with PCOS are more likely to have depression and anxiety.
September 2021 in “Journal of pharmaceutical research international” The conclusion is that hirsutism is strongly linked to PCOS and higher levels of certain hormones, but not to DHEAS, prolactin, cortisol, or TSH.
March 2017 in “Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Abuse of anabolic steroids in Iraqi athletes leads to negative effects on hormones, liver and kidney function, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels.
September 2025 in “Reproductive health of woman” Metformin reduces high male hormone levels in women with PCOS.
35 citations
,
August 2021 in “BMC Medical Genomics” Certain metabolites may help diagnose and predict polycystic ovary syndrome.
25 citations
,
January 2013 in “International Journal of Trichology” Premature balding in some men may be linked to altered hormones, but it's not the male equivalent to polycystic ovary syndrome or metabolic syndrome.
3 citations
,
April 2019 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Women with PCOS have lower adiponectin hormone levels and are more likely to have insulin resistance.
2 citations
,
October 2021 in “Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health” High uric acid levels are more common in PCOS patients, especially those with androgenic PCOS, and are linked with increased cardiovascular risk and other metabolic issues.
28 citations
,
April 2014 in “Hormones” Higher androstenedione levels in women with PCOS are linked to more severe symptoms.
5 citations
,
August 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” 5α-Reductase inhibitors do not consistently increase testosterone levels in the blood.
30 citations
,
August 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride doesn't affect hormone levels in normal men.
Women with androgenetic alopecia (hair loss) have normal prostate specific antigen levels but higher testosterone levels.
January 2021 in “Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College” Cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol significantly lowered AMH levels in PCOS patients resistant to clomiphene.
4025 citations
,
December 2003 in “Human Reproduction” The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and linked PCOS to higher risks of diabetes and heart problems, recommending lifestyle changes to lower these risks.
1 citations
,
January 2001 in “Drug and therapeutics bulletin” The document concludes that management strategies for PCOS are important due to its common occurrence and associated health risks.
135 citations
,
August 1994 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Most women with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia had polycystic ovaries, especially if they had irregular periods.
33 citations
,
September 2014 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” High afamin levels are linked to metabolic syndrome and may predict its development in women with insulin resistance.
March 2012 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” Androgen levels do not determine the type of PCOS symptoms in young females.
66 citations
,
August 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with acromegaly often have irregular periods due to hormone imbalances and growth hormone effects.
48 citations
,
February 2008 in “Nutrition in Clinical Practice” Dietary changes, including weight loss and a balanced diet, are important for managing PCOS, especially in overweight women.
17 citations
,
April 2010 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” Obese women had more testosterone and less acne, but similar hair growth compared to non-obese women.
5 citations
,
October 2013 in “Endocrine” Blood tests can detect ovarian Leydig cell tumors when scans don't, and surgery can confirm and treat these tumors.