19 citations
,
January 2017 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation” High levels of male hormones are very common in women with PCOS and affect their metabolism differently depending on their weight.
10 citations
,
December 1996 in “Fertility and Sterility” Women with acne have lower levels of a specific hormone marker than women without acne.
7 citations
,
October 2020 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Women with PCOS are at high risk of glucose metabolism issues and heart diseases, especially if overweight, highlighting the need for early intervention.
3 citations
,
January 2012 in “Hanyang Medical Reviews” The document concludes that more research is needed to create suitable diagnostic criteria and understand PCOS in Korean women, and genetics may allow for personalized treatment.
2 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science” Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.
1 citations
,
September 2015 in “Human Andrology” Married Egyptian women with PCOS have lower sexual desire compared to those without PCOS.
January 2022 in “Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences” Women with PCOS risk had normal height and blood tests but higher weight and common acne or hirsutism.
August 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” A postmenopausal woman's facial redness, acne, and excess hair were caused by too much hormone therapy for insomnia, but improved after stopping the treatment.
August 2007 in “Drug and therapeutics bulletin” Eflornithine's effectiveness for women with facial hirsutism is unclear.
January 2004 in “Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University)” Women with PCOS have higher 5alpha-reductase activity, affecting steroid levels.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Women with hair loss have higher androgen levels, while men with early balding have altered androgen ratios.
Women with androgenetic alopecia (hair loss) have normal prostate specific antigen levels but higher testosterone levels.
August 2025 in “DS Reviews of Research in Life Sciences” Women with PCOS have higher levels of DHEA, IL-6, and TNF-α.
270 citations
,
April 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS often have more belly fat and higher insulin levels, but belly fat isn't the only cause of their insulin resistance.
18 citations
,
July 2019 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Women with PCOS in Sicily show different levels of metabolic problems depending on their PCOS type, with obesity and abnormal lipid profiles being common.
15 citations
,
October 2011 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Obesity changes androgen levels in women with PCOS, leading to higher testosterone relative to androstenedione.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Long-term use of oral contraceptives, especially starting before age 20, may increase the risk of early-onset breast cancer.
38 citations
,
May 2006 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” Women with only irregular periods or excess hair have a better hormone profile than those with full PCOS, but both groups are similar, indicating a need for better PCOS diagnosis methods.
3 citations
,
June 2023 in “European heart journal open” Women with irregular periods have a higher risk of heart disease.
114 citations
,
March 2018 in “PLOS Medicine” Women with PCOS are more than twice as likely to develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
53 citations
,
December 2015 in “JAMA Dermatology” Women with PCOS often have more body hair, acne, and skin darkening, and these signs are linked to metabolic issues like insulin resistance and high cholesterol.
28 citations
,
October 2013 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Ovarian SAHA syndrome makes women with PCOS more resistant to insulin and increases their risk of blood sugar problems.
20 citations
,
June 2010 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Women with mild acne are more likely to have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) than those without acne.
12 citations
,
March 2018 in “Medicine” A postmenopausal woman's hirsutism and high testosterone levels improved after surgery for an ovarian tumor not seen on ultrasound.
9 citations
,
May 2015 in “Cardiology Clinics” The conclusion is that managing cholesterol is important for women, especially during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and with PCOS, and involves regular screening and careful treatment choices.
2 citations
,
September 2019 in “Acta Cardiologica” Women with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have higher risk for heart and metabolic problems.
1 citations
,
February 2025 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Screen young women with menstrual issues, acne, or excess hair for high cortisol to avoid misdiagnosis.
1 citations
,
May 2016 in “The Nurse Practitioner” Treating PCOS is complex, involving medication like metformin and lifestyle changes, and requires attention to mental health due to high depression and anxiety rates.
November 2017 in “JAMA internal medicine” Women also use 5α-reductase inhibitors, and their effects differ from men.
378 citations
,
September 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” PCOS affects about 4% of women in the southeastern U.S. equally across Black and White populations.