10 citations
,
January 1994 Hair can be straightened using different chemicals, not just strong alkali.
3 citations
,
January 2004 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” DTDG in hair treatments reduces damage and preserves hair structure.
February 2022 in “Fibers” Scientists created a non-toxic, sugar-based hair product that can style hair without damage.
April 2023 in “Han'gug miyong haghoeji/Journal of the Korean society of cosmetology” Direct heat perms cause more damage to hair than softening heat perms.
November 2017 in “Koubunshi rombunshuu/Kōbunshi ronbunshū” Hematin in shampoo helps repair and straighten damaged hair.
November 2022 in “International journal of trichology” Glyoxylic acid straighteners cause more protein loss but have similar hair strength effects as traditional alkaline straighteners.
3 citations
,
October 2020 in “Dermatology Practical & Conceptual” Bubble hair damage is caused by high heat from styling tools, and trichoscopy helps diagnose it.
February 2025 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” The Brazilian candle flame technique can damage hair by melting the cuticle and exposing the cortex.
March 2026 in “Medical Lasers” Adjusting hair dryer settings improves drying efficiency and keeps hair healthy.
23 citations
,
June 2014 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Glyoxylic acid is a safer alternative to formaldehyde for hair straightening and effectively changes hair structure.
July 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new 6-point scale reliably measures heat damage to hair from styling tools.
April 2019 in “Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo)” Hair straightening at pH 1.0 improves alignment but weakens hair more than pH 2.0.
25 citations
,
May 2008 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Conditioning agents, especially jojoba oil and lauryl PEG/PPG-18/18 methicone, protect and strengthen chemically straightened Afro-ethnic hair.
February 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Use heat protection and proper techniques to prevent hair damage from styling.
February 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Use heat protection and proper techniques to prevent hair damage from styling.
Chemical treatments weaken hair's thermal stability and structure.
2 citations
,
September 2013 in “日本香粧品学会誌” Keratin films can measure hair heat damage.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Heat damages hair, with Asian hair losing more protein than Caucasian hair.
40 citations
,
June 2013 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Brazilian keratin treatments can straighten hair but may contain harmful formaldehyde.
49 citations
,
June 2004 in “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences” Human hair becomes weaker and stretches more easily at higher temperatures.
16 citations
,
October 2003 in “Journal of applied polymer science” 2-iminothiorane hydrochloride improves hair waving permanence without damage.
2 citations
,
March 2018 in “ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering” Heating human hair creates hollow microtubes with smooth surfaces.
January 2012 in “Jounal of The Korean Society of cosmetology” Applying conditioner mid-treatment reduces hair damage during perms.
5 citations
,
June 2019 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Chemical hair straightening may be linked to a type of permanent hair loss.
July 2024 in “Minerva Digital Library (Universidad EAN)” A natural hair treatment alternative to chemical straightening is being developed to reduce health risks.
2 citations
,
January 2022 in “Anais brasileiros de dermatologia/Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” Chemical hair straighteners can cause scalp and hair damage, but long-term effects are unclear.
70 citations
,
June 1998 in “Polymer” Permanent waving damages hair by disrupting its keratin structure.
3 citations
,
January 2015 in “Mathematical problems in engineering” Hair damage increases significantly with higher temperatures and longer heating times.
October 2012 in “한국미용학회지” For best curls and hair health, use keratin and ceramide after rinsing, or skip rinsing for stable curls.
1 citations
,
December 2022 in “Skin Research and Technology” The technique helps measure how hair styling ingredients affect hair's stiffness and flexibility.