Hair germ cells differ from epidermal cells in keratin expression, and specific keratins form after hair differentiation.
January 2026 in “Journal of the Egyptian Womenʼs Dermatologic Society” High levels of HSP70 and IL-15 are linked to more severe alopecia areata.
November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Hemoglobin α acts as an antioxidant in skin cells, especially protecting hair follicle stem cells from UV damage.
CD28 is a promising target for treating alopecia areata with belatacept.
CD28 is a promising target for treating alopecia areata with belatacept.
3 citations
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January 2023 in “JEADV Clinical Practice” IL-17 is more important than IFN-γ in causing severe hair loss in chronic alopecia areata.
10 citations
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March 2014 in “Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation” Malondialdehyde-modified DNA may trigger an immune response in alopecia areata patients.
47 citations
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June 2013 in “Biology of blood and marrow transplantation” Mice with human fetal thymic tissue and stem cells developed symptoms similar to chronic graft-versus-host disease.
8 citations
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January 1990 in “Immunology Today” 169 citations
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February 2018 in “Immunity” Inactive stem cells in hair follicles and muscles can avoid detection by the immune system.
4 citations
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January 2015 in “International Journal of Trichology” Transplanted hair follicles can change and adapt to new areas of the body, with the immune system possibly playing a role in this adjustment.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Candida auris uses the immune response to colonize hair follicles.
25 citations
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January 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Long COVID patients may have hormonal imbalances linked to their symptoms.
176 citations
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August 2015 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.
1 citations
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September 2025 in “Physiologia” Ovalbumin–aluminum sensitization causes increased pain sensitivity and nerve changes in mice.
June 2025 in “Academic Medical Journal” Restoring hair follicle immune privilege may help treat alopecia areata.
98 citations
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November 2014 in “PLoS ONE” Hyaluronidase speeds up wound healing and reduces inflammation.
2 citations
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May 2022 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology” BST2 protein and certain T cells increase in early alopecia areata.
January 2025 in “Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Medicine” Plasmatherapy improves immune status in vitiligo patients, especially those with segmental vitiligo.
5 citations
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September 2021 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” People with alopecia areata often have abnormal thyroid hormones, thyroid antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, low vitamin D, and high C-reactive protein levels.
21 citations
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November 2022 in “Frontiers in immunology” Sebaceous glands play a key role in skin health, immunity, and various skin diseases.
ILC1-like cells may contribute to hair loss in alopecia areata and could be new treatment targets.
3 citations
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November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Enhancing regulatory T cells may help treat autoimmune diseases like alopecia areata.
June 2015 in “The American journal of dermatopathology/American journal of dermatopathology” The study found that a one-step antibody method is better than the LSAB method for accurately studying hair follicle structures without false positives.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” CD8+ T cells attack hair follicle stem cells, causing scarring and hair loss.
71 citations
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May 2019 in “Rheumatology” Tph cells are linked to the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus.
25 citations
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May 2017 in “InTech eBooks” Catalytic antibodies are early indicators and active participants in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus.
CAR-T cell therapy shows promise for treating autoimmune disorders but faces challenges like complex manufacturing and limited tissue penetration.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” People with alopecia areata have fewer IL-10 producing immune cells, which might contribute to the condition.
December 2012 in “Journal of dermatological science” Hair follicles help attract immune cells to minor skin injuries.