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GlossaryHuxley layer

inner root sheath layer supporting hair shaft growth

The Huxley layer is a part of the inner root sheath of a hair follicle, situated between the Henle layer and the cuticle of the inner root sheath. It consists of several layers of flattened, nucleated cells that play a role in supporting and shaping the growing hair shaft.

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research A Novel Epithelial Keratin, hK6irs1, is Expressed Differentially in All Layers of the Inner Root Sheath, Including Specialized Huxley Cells (Flügelzellen) of the Human Hair Follicle

86 citations , May 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A new keratin, hK6irs1, is found in all layers of the hair follicle's inner root sheath.

research A Novel Type II Cytokeratin, mK6irs, is Expressed in the Huxley and Henle Layers of the Mouse Inner Root Sheath

45 citations , March 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A new protein, mK6irs, is found in specific hair layers and may help understand hair growth and diseases.

research K6irs1, K6irs2, K6irs3, and K6irs4 Represent the Inner-Root-Sheath-Specific Type II Epithelial Keratins of the Human Hair Follicle1

130 citations , April 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Four specific keratins in hair follicles help understand hair structure and function.

research Premature termination of hair follicle morphogenesis and accelerated hair follicle cycling in Iasi congenital atrichia (fz^ica) mice points to fuzzy as a key element of hair cycle control

20 citations , July 2005 in “Experimental dermatology”

The fuzzy gene is crucial for controlling hair growth cycles.

Fine Structure and Immunocytochemistry of Monotreme Hairs, with Emphasis on the Inner Root Sheath and Trichohyalin-Based Cornification During Hair Evolution

research Fine structure and immunocytochemistry of monotreme hairs, with emphasis on the inner root sheath and trichohyalin‐based cornification during hair evolution

15 citations , July 2004 in “Journal of morphology”

Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.

research Characterization of Prostaglandin F_2α Receptors in Human Eyelids

9 citations , August 2014 in “European journal of ophthalmology”

PGF_2α receptors in human eyelids are found in specific parts of hair follicles, explaining eyelash changes with glaucoma treatment.

research Fine structure of marsupial hairs, with emphasis on trichohyalin and the structure of the inner root sheath

8 citations , July 2004 in “Journal of morphology”

Marsupial hair structure and keratin distribution are similar to placental mammals.

research μ-Crystallin, Thyroid Hormone-binding Protein, is Expressed Abundantly in the Murine Inner Root Sheath Cells

22 citations , September 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

μ-Crystallin may help hair growth by affecting thyroid hormone levels in mouse hair follicles.

Immunocytochemical Localization of Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type III, Trichohyalin, and Deiminated Trichohyalin in Infant Rat Dorsal Skin Hair Follicle

research Immunocytochemical Localization of Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type III, Trichohyalin and Deiminated Trichohyalin in Infant Rat Dorsal Skin Hair Follicle

2 citations , January 2001 in “Biomedical Research”

Trichohyalin and peptidylarginine deiminase type III are found together in rat hair follicles, with trichohyalin being modified after expression.

research Alopecia in a Novel Mouse Model RCO3 Is Caused by mK6irs1 Deficiency

42 citations , September 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A missing mK6irs1 gene causes hair loss in mice.

research Some electron microscope observations on hardening in the human hair follicle

25 citations , October 1962 in “Journal of Ultrastructure Research”

The hair follicle structure is more complex than thought, with new findings on protein formation.

research Tight junctions form a barrier in porcine hair follicles

21 citations , December 2015 in “European journal of cell biology”

Tight junctions create a barrier in pig hair follicles that controls what can enter the skin.

research Pattern of expression of c-Myc, Max and Bin1 in human anagen hair follicles

11 citations , June 2001 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

c-Myc, Max, and Bin1 help hair follicle cells mature and die.

Determination of Secondary Follicle Characteristics, Density, Activity, and Hoxc13 Expression Pattern of Hexi Cashmere Goat Breed

research Determination of Secondary Follicle Characteristics, Density, Activity, and Hoxc13 Expression Pattern of Hexi Cashmere Goats Breed

7 citations , June 2015 in “The anatomical record”

Hexi cashmere goats' hair growth varies by stage, with Hoxc13 linked to hair activity.

research Distribution of acid and alkaline phosphatases in canine skin.

3 citations , December 1975 in “PubMed”

ALP and ACP have different roles in dog skin, with ALP aiding growth and maintenance, and ACP involved in breakdown processes.

research Recognition of the ultrastructure of the hair follicle of Cashmere goats under the transmission electron microscope

January 2015 in “Chinese Veterinary Science”

Recognizing ultrastructures of cashmere goat hair follicles helps identify and locate follicle layers.

research Faculty Opinions recommendation of Autosomal-dominant woolly hair resulting from disruption of keratin 74 (KRT74), a potential determinant of human hair texture.

May 2010 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature”

A mutation in the KRT74 gene causes woolly hair by affecting hair texture.

research Faculty Opinions recommendation of Autosomal-dominant woolly hair resulting from disruption of keratin 74 (KRT74), a potential determinant of human hair texture.

May 2010 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature”

A mutation in the KRT74 gene causes woolly hair by affecting hair texture.

research Abnormal inner root sheath of the hair follicle in the loose anagen hair syndrome: An ultrastructural study

31 citations , December 2010 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Loose anagen hair syndrome is caused by structural abnormalities in the hair follicle's inner root sheath.

research Advances in Laser Therapy for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Assessment of Current Evidence

1 citations , October 2025 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine”

Laser therapy effectively treats all stages of hidradenitis suppurativa, offering a reliable alternative to medication.

research Hidradenitis Suppurativa: update and review of therapeutic modalities

1 citations , January 2014

Various treatments can help manage hidradenitis suppurativa based on its severity.

research Expression and distribution patterns of spermine, spermidine, and putrescine in rat hair follicle

2 citations , November 2017 in “Histochemistry and Cell Biology”

Polyamines are abundant in certain parts of rat hair follicles and may play a key role in hair growth.

research A Novel Human Type II Cytokeratin, K6hf, Specifically Expressed in the Companion Layer of the Hair Follicle

139 citations , December 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

K6hf is a unique protein found only in a specific layer of hair follicles.

Follicular Stem Cells and Late Cutaneous Histopathological Aspects After Prolonged Laser Hair Removal

research Células-tronco foliculares e aspectos histopatológicos cutâneos tardios após prolongada remoção de pêlos a laser

January 2012

Laser hair removal may cause skin changes that prevent hair regrowth.

research Hair removal using an Nd: YAG laser system.

31 citations , April 1999 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Nd:YAG laser can reduce hair with multiple treatments, but permanent removal isn't guaranteed.

research Theoretical considerations in laser hair removal

150 citations , April 1999 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Laser hair removal effectiveness depends on targeting hair structures without harming the skin, and improvements require more research and expert collaboration.

research Application of laser technology in the removal of unwanted hair

January 2023 in “Our Dermatology Online”

Laser hair removal is effective but may have side effects.

research Chapter 14 Low-Level Laser Therapy and Stem Cells

August 2016

Low-level laser therapy may help stem cells grow and function better, aiding in healing and tissue repair.

An Intrinsic Oscillation of Gene Networks Inside Hair Follicle Stem Cells: An Additional Layer That Can Modulate Hair Stem Cell Activities

research An Intrinsic Oscillation of Gene Networks Inside Hair Follicle Stem Cells: An Additional Layer That Can Modulate Hair Stem Cell Activities

23 citations , December 2020 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

Gene network oscillations inside hair stem cells are key for hair growth regulation and could help treat hair loss.

research Keratin Expression Provides Novel Insight into the Morphogenesis and Function of the Companion Layer in Hair Follicles

38 citations , December 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Keratin patterns in hair follicles help understand hair growth and potential hair and nail disorders.