September 2025 in “JID Innovations” Squaric acid dibutylester promotes hair growth by activating immune cells, especially macrophages.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Squaric acid dibutylester helps hair growth by increasing certain immune cells in the skin.
October 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” A protein called EGFR protects hair follicle stem cells, and when it's disrupted, hair follicles can be damaged, but blocking certain pathways can restore hair growth.
August 2006 in “Experimental dermatology” Neurotrophins are important for hair growth and response to stress.
April 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Neoplasms hide in hair follicles to avoid the immune system.
November 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Cancer treatment drugs can cause permanent hair loss by damaging hair follicle stem cells, but a specific inhibitor might reverse this effect.
20 citations
,
January 2022 in “Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity” Reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence hair growth by causing DNA damage, cell death, and changes in immune cells.
22 citations
,
June 2024 in “Cell” Understanding tissue self-organization can improve treatments for diseases and advance regenerative medicine.
150 citations
,
August 1992 in “Genes & Development” TNF alpha in skin cells causes weight loss, hair and fat issues, and skin inflammation in mice.
129 citations
,
May 2015 in “Cell Stem Cell” Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.
14 citations
,
June 2017 in “Immunity” Special immune cells called Treg cells are important for maintaining and regenerating hair by activating a specific growth signal in hair stem cells.
June 2023 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Protein tyrosine kinases are key in male pattern baldness, affecting skin structure, hair growth, and immune responses.
March 2017 in “Current dermatology reports” Topical JAK inhibitors can effectively treat alopecia areata and vitiligo by modulating immune responses.
701 citations
,
August 2014 in “Nature medicine” Alopecia areata can be reversed by JAK inhibitors, promoting hair regrowth.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” IL-15 helps protect hair follicles from immune attacks and encourages hair growth.
17 citations
,
September 2019 in “Journal of Cell Biology” Hair follicle regeneration may slow tumor growth.
7 citations
,
October 2000 in “Allergo Journal” Stress may affect hair growth by influencing hair follicle development and could contribute to hair loss.
April 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” HDAC inhibitors, like Vorinostat and Entinostat, can help regrow hair in alopecia areata.
108 citations
,
July 2004 in “American Journal of Pathology” Stress increases a factor in mice that leads to hair loss, and blocking this factor may prevent it.
21 citations
,
March 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” Immune cells around hair follicles help control hair growth and could be targets for treating hair disorders.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “Hair therapy & transplantation” New treatments for hair growth disorders are needed due to limited current options and complex hair follicle biology.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to chronic inflammation and immune system issues in Lichen planopilaris.
120 citations
,
November 2014 in “Biological Reviews” The telogen phase of hair growth is active and important for preparing hair follicles for regeneration, not just a resting stage.
59 citations
,
February 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Environmental factors at different levels control hair stem cell activity, which could lead to new hair growth and alopecia treatments.
3 citations
,
August 2025 in “Cell” Fibroblast bioelectric signaling can promote hair growth and may help treat hair loss.
128 citations
,
March 2006 in “American Journal of Pathology” Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.
96 citations
,
October 2000 in “The FASEB Journal” The p75 neurotrophin receptor is important for hair follicle regression by controlling cell death.
May 2025 in “Journal of the Egyptian Womenʼs Dermatologic Society” Hair follicles in nonsegmental vitiligo are better protected from immune attacks than in alopecia areata.
31 citations
,
May 2008 in “Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms” Different hair growth problems are caused by genetic issues or changes in hair growth cycles, and new treatments are being developed.
16 citations
,
December 2006 in “Expert Review of Dermatology” Hair follicles are essential for skin health, aiding in hair growth, wound healing, and immune function.