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Low serum complement levels in SLE patients don't always match with disease flares; monitoring C3 and C4 is useful, but cell-bound complement products might better indicate disease activity.

The document concludes that better tools are needed to measure skin disease severity in dermatomyositis and cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and introduces the DSSI and CLASI as reliable instruments.

Vitamin B5 and coenzyme A may help regulate the immune system and could improve treatments for chronic diseases and cancer.

New therapies like JAK inhibitors and stem cells show promise in treating vitiligo.

CD8+ T cells expand significantly in alopecia areata, suggesting new treatment targets.

Immune cell-targeting biologics show potential for treating alopecia areata but need better-targeted therapies.

Injecting anti-herpes antibodies locally can prevent skin lesions and sweating problems caused by herpes simplex virus in mice.

Candida antigen is an effective and promising treatment for alopecia areata.

Candida auris uses the immune response to colonize hair follicles.

Targeting TGFβ can improve skin immunity in older people.