January 2026 in “BMC Public Health” Family history, smoking, alcohol, poor sleep, obesity, and insulin issues increase the risk of hair loss.
Androgenetic alopecia in young males leads to lower self-esteem, increased anxiety, and higher depression risk.
July 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” SIRT3 and SIRT7 decrease, while NFATC1 and PDL-1 increase in Androgenetic Alopecia.
May 2022 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual” Trichoscopy is crucial for diagnosing and managing androgenetic alopecia, showing increased vellus hairs, empty follicles, and fibrosis with severity.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Injections of special skin cells showed potential in treating hair loss, with some participants experiencing increased hair density.
402 citations
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August 2011 in “Cancer research” Prostate cancer cells can make their own androgens to activate the androgen receptor, and treatments like abiraterone may increase this ability, suggesting new therapies should target the entire steroid-making pathway.
25 citations
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August 2006 in “Human Reproduction” Oral contraceptives lower testosterone levels in women, especially those with certain genetic traits, and may be linked to increased breast cancer risk.
19 citations
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August 2008 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Bald areas have lower cell growth, more DNA damage, and increased cell death.
6 citations
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February 1996 in “Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics” Scale created to measure hair loss in men and women; MK-386 reduces acne; Niaspan treats dyslipidemia; minoxidil increases heart rate.
2 citations
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May 2012 in “Indian drugs” Finasteride, a hair loss treatment, works better and is more stable when delivered through specially prepared gels, leading to increased hair growth.
22 citations
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November 2011 in “Journal of Analytical Toxicology” Scientists have developed a new method to detect steroid abuse in athletes using cell-based tests, which could be the future of anti-doping methods.
1 citations
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January 2009 in “CRC Press eBooks” Finasteride increases hair count and improves hair growth with low risk of side effects.
282 citations
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October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
41 citations
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November 2003 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Male hormones, or androgens, affect women's health in areas like mood and bone density, and hormone replacement therapy using antiandrogenic progestogens can improve mood disorders and alertness in menopausal women.
63 citations
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May 2009 in “Dermato-endocrinology” Increased FGFR2b signaling, influenced by androgens, plays a role in causing acne.
39 citations
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May 2002 in “Oral Microbiology and Immunology” Testosterone increases cell growth and reduces IL-6 in gum cells.
15 citations
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November 1983 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Testosterone increases hamster hair growth; cyproterone acetate reduces it.
January 2015 in “Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi mecmuası” Men with severe hair loss may have a higher risk of heart disease.
74 citations
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November 1975 in “Archives of dermatology” Increased DHT formation in skin can cause hair loss, acne, and excessive hair growth, and antiandrogens might treat these conditions.
57 citations
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February 1983 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Dihydrotestosterone increases the activity of an enzyme in pubic skin cells that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
34 citations
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December 2012 in “Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care” Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.
15 citations
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June 1986 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Androgens increase pigmentation in young hamsters, but estrogens can reverse this effect.
11 citations
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October 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride increases hair growth, prolongs hair cycle, and lowers dihydrotestosterone levels.
50 citations
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November 2010 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” Botox increased hair count in men with baldness and might work by improving scalp blood flow.
8 citations
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February 2022 in “Vascular Health and Risk Management” Some skin conditions may increase the risk of heart disease, and understanding their connection could lead to better treatments.
July 2025 in “International Journal of Trichology” Hair shedding increases at the end of summer due to seasonal changes.
July 2023 in “Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery” Photobiomodulation increased hair count in men with hair loss after 5 weeks, with no further increase after 10 weeks.
January 2021 in “Annals of Chinese medicine” Male pattern baldness may increase COVID-19 severity risk.
May 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The treatment increased hair follicle counts and is potentially effective for male hair loss without serious side effects.
July 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Testosterone increases muscle mass regardless of DHT conversion blocking.