31 citations
,
September 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Testosterone therapy may slightly improve sexual function in postmenopausal women, but its long-term safety is unknown.
September 2024 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology” Mesotherapy with bicalutamide has limited effectiveness for female hair loss.
137 citations
,
June 2005 in “Climacteric” Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.
76 citations
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May 2007 in “Menopause International” After menopause, women lose a lot of skin collagen, but estrogen replacement might improve skin health.
26 citations
,
May 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” PEVs effectively deliver minoxidil through skin.
11 citations
,
January 2020 in “Engineered science” 4 citations
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January 1991 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” Goserelin and oestradiol treatment slightly improved hairiness but did not significantly change sebum production or hair characteristics in mildly hirsute women.
204 citations
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May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
2 citations
,
September 2025 in “Cosmetics” Hormonal therapies can improve skin issues by adjusting hormone levels, with future advancements promising better results.
4 citations
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March 2017 in “Development” Estrogen is important for keeping adult mouse nipple skin healthy by controlling certain cell signals.
October 2007 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” Testosterone therapy can help postmenopausal women with low sexual desire but needs more safety research and should be used with estrogen therapy.
January 2007 in “Zhōnghuá yàoxué zázhì” The method effectively showed that the two exemestane preparations are bioequivalent.
23 citations
,
February 2014 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” Low-dose finasteride reduces excessive hair growth in teenage girls safely and affordably.
Testosterone therapy is used to treat symptoms like low libido, fatigue, and mood disturbances in women, despite the lack of FDA-approved formulations. This review highlights the importance of testosterone in female health, noting its production in the ovaries and adrenal glands and its role in addressing androgen insufficiency symptoms, particularly after menopause. While diagnostic challenges exist, a symptom-based approach is favored over serum level assessments. Evidence supports the safety and effectiveness of testosterone therapy, especially through subcutaneous implants and transdermal patches, with mild and reversible side effects such as acne and hirsutism. Long-term safety data do not indicate increased risks of breast cancer or cardiovascular disease at therapeutic doses. The absence of FDA-approved options leads many women to use compounded therapies, underscoring the need for long-term RCTs to establish dosing guidelines and safety standards, ensuring women have access to regulated and effective treatments.
18 citations
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May 2014 in “Menopause” A 5 mg dose of transdermal testosterone cream effectively restores testosterone levels in postmenopausal women.
5 citations
,
July 2020 in “PubMed” Both oral contraceptives reduced hirsutism in PCOS patients, but adding metformin showed no extra benefit.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women appears safe and may protect against heart disease, but requires constant monitoring and more research for long-term effects.
51 citations
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May 2010 in “Journal of Drug Targeting” Transcutol-containing vesicles improve minoxidil's skin penetration and hair growth promotion.
42 citations
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July 1982 in “PubMed” Loestrin effectively normalizes testosterone levels and improves PCOS symptoms with minimal side effects.
May 2008 in “Trends in Urology Gynaecology & Sexual Health” Loop diuretics may double bone loss in elderly men, finasteride lowers prostate cancer risk but may increase high-grade tumors, abarelix reduces testosterone quickly, and transdermal testosterone offers minimal sexual benefit for women.
7 citations
,
August 2010 in “Medicinal Chemistry Research” Some synthesized compounds were more effective than Finasteride in reducing prostate cancer cell growth and androgen levels.
2 citations
,
January 2024 in “Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS)” Emulgels are effective for delivering skin medications due to their unique gel-emulsion mix.
42 citations
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May 2009 in “Contraception” The oral contraceptive with ethinyl estradiol and chlormadinone acetate is effective in treating moderate acne.
67 citations
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March 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Oral contraceptives and antiandrogens are effective for treating hirsutism, with antiandrogens being the most effective.
January 2011 in “Padua Research Archive (University of Padua)” Local estrogen synthesis in skin may improve wound healing.
1 citations
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December 1971 in “PubMed” 18 citations
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October 2019 in “Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Microemulsions can improve skin delivery of finasteride.
35 citations
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October 2005 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Polymers increased skin permeation and stability of steroid hormones in liposomal formulations.
20 citations
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January 2003 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” The new progesterone derivatives effectively inhibit 5α-reductase and bind to the androgen receptor.