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GlossaryInterleukin-12

protein that activates immune cells to fight infections

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a protein produced by certain immune cells that plays a crucial role in regulating the body's immune response. It helps activate natural killer (NK) cells and T cells, which are essential for fighting infections and cancer. IL-12 is also involved in the inflammatory response and can influence the development of autoimmune diseases.

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research 061 Selective inhibition of tyrosine kinase 2 prevents and restores interleukin-12-induced hair follicle immune privilege collapse: a novel approach to alopecia areata therapy?

October 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Blocking IL-12 can help treat alopecia areata by preventing hair follicle immune issues.

research A functional polymorphism in interleukin-1α (IL1A) gene is associated with risk of alopecia areata in Chinese populations

11 citations , March 2013 in “Gene”

A certain genetic variation in the IL1A gene may lower the risk of a hair loss condition in Chinese people.

research Serum levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1α, IL-1β) in patients with alopecia areata

1 citations , July 2012 in “Nasza Dermatologia Online”

IL-1α levels are higher in alopecia areata patients, suggesting a role in the disease.

research In Human Skin, UVB Initiates Early Induction of IL-10 Over IL-12 Preferentially in the Expanding Dermal Monocytic/Macrophagic Population

101 citations , July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

UVB exposure in human skin causes macrophages to produce more IL-10 and less IL-12, leading to immunosuppression.

Preclinical Evidence Supporting Selective Inhibition of Tyrosine Kinase 2-Dependent, IL-12-Mediated Signaling as a Novel Strategy for Alopecia Areata Management

research 27 Preclinical ex vivo and in vivo evidence supporting selective inhibition of tyrosine kinase 2-dependent, IL-12-mediated signaling as a novel pharmacological strategy for alopecia areata management

November 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Blocking TYK2 might be a new way to treat hair loss from alopecia areata.

research Interleukins gene polymorphism in alopecia areata patients: a systematic review

1 citations , May 2025 in “Fayoum University Medical Journal/Fayoum University Medical Journal ”

Certain gene variations are linked to alopecia areata.

research Dynamic interplay between IL-1 and WNT pathways in regulating dermal adipocyte lineage cells during skin development and wound regeneration

44 citations , June 2023 in “Cell Reports”

IL-1 promotes fat cell growth in skin, while WNT inhibits it and encourages scar formation.

research A ‘hot’ new twist to hair biology – involvement of vanilloid receptor‐1 signaling in human hair growth control

2 citations , September 2004 in “Experimental Dermatology”

VR1 signaling can inhibit hair growth by affecting cell processes and increasing hair growth inhibitors.

research Interleukin-1β Is Differentially Expressed by Human Dermal Papilla Cells in Response to PKC Activation and Is a Potent Inhibitor of Human Hair Follicle Growth in Organ Culture

38 citations , March 1997 in “Journal of interferon & cytokine research”

IL-1β inhibits human hair follicle growth.

research Interleukin-25-Mediated-IL-17RB Upregulation Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice by Improving Endothelial Cell Functions

34 citations , January 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

IL-25 helps heal diabetic wounds by improving blood vessel and skin cell functions.

research Updated Treatment for Acne: Targeted Therapy Based on Pathogenesis

78 citations , June 2021 in “Dermatology and Therapy”

Future acne treatments should aggressively target inflammation to prevent scarring.

research The Role of Serum Th1, Th2, and Th17 Cytokines in Patients with Alopecia Areata: Clinical Implications

37 citations , December 2021 in “Cells”

Alopecia areata severity and treatment response are linked to specific cytokine levels.

research Pathogenetic Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Hidradenitis Suppurativa

19 citations , August 2018 in “JAMA dermatology”

Mesenchymal stem cells in people with Hidradenitis Suppurativa are more inflammatory, possibly contributing to the disease.

research Old Wine in New Bottles: Reviving Old Therapies for Alopecia Areata Using Rodent Models

17 citations , September 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

Old treatments for other skin conditions showed promise for hair regrowth in mice with a hair loss condition.

Possible Advantage of Imiquimod and Diphenylcyclopropenone Combined Treatment Versus Diphenylcyclopropenone Alone: An Observational Study of Nonresponder Patients With Alopecia Areata

research Possible advantage of imiquimod and diphenylcyclopropenone combined treatment versus diphenylcyclopropenone alone: An observational study of nonresponder patients with alopecia areata

9 citations , April 2016 in “Australasian journal of dermatology”

Combining imiquimod with diphenylcyclopropenone may improve treatment outcomes for alopecia areata patients who don't respond to diphenylcyclopropenone alone.

Case Report: Successful Treatment of Alopecia Universalis With Tofacitinib and Increased Cytokine Levels: Normal Therapeutic Reaction or Danger Signal?

research Case Report: Successful Treatment of Alopecia Universalis With Tofacitinib and Increased Cytokine Levels: Normal Therapeutic Reaction or Danger Signal?

June 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Tofacitinib regrew hair in a man with total hair loss but raised cytokine levels, needing more research on possible side effects.

research Skin Care Properties of Grape Seed Polyphenols, a By-Product of the Winery Industry

October 2012 in “Humana Press eBooks”

Grape seed extract is good for skin care, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects.

research Editors' Picks

January 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Small molecule DMF improves psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, adult skin cells can be made to grow new hair, certain skin cells initiate hair growth, IL-17C controls gut health and can cause skin inflammation, and skin cells produce IL-17 that can lead to psoriasis.

research Hypoxia enhances the hair growth-promoting effects of embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells via NADPH oxidase 4

January 2023 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy”

Low oxygen conditions improve how well certain stem cells from embryos can make hair grow longer and faster.

research Cutaneous scarring: Pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms, and scar reduction therapeutics

232 citations , December 2011 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Understanding and targeting specific molecules can help reduce scarring and promote scar-free healing.

research Characterization of Hair Follicle Antigens Targeted by the Anti-Hair Follicle Immune Response

148 citations , September 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder causing hair loss, linked to specific hair follicle antigens and genetic factors.

Central Opioid Inhibition of Neuroendocrine Stress Responses in Pregnancy in the Rat Is Induced by the Neurosteroid Allopregnanolone

research Central Opioid Inhibition of Neuroendocrine Stress Responses in Pregnancy in the Rat Is Induced by the Neurosteroid Allopregnanolone

123 citations , May 2009 in “Journal of Neuroscience”

In late pregnancy, allopregnanolone reduces stress responses in rats by affecting brain chemicals.

research THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALOPECIA AREATA

89 citations , October 1996 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Alopecia areata is likely caused by a combination of genetic factors and immune system dysfunction, and may represent different diseases with various causes.

research Proinflammatory cytokines regulate epidermal stem cells in wound epithelialization

65 citations , June 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

Certain immune system proteins are important for skin healing but can cause problems if there are too many of them.

research FOLLICULAR LIPOSOMAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS

55 citations , January 2002 in “Journal of liposome research”

New liposomal formulations may improve delivery of treatments to hair follicles, potentially helping with hair loss.

Enhanced Cutaneous Wound Healing by Functional Injectable Thermo-Sensitive Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Encapsulated Human Umbilical Cord-Mesenchymal Stem Cells

research Enhanced cutaneous wound healing by functional injectable thermo-sensitive chitosan-based hydrogel encapsulated human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells

48 citations , July 2019 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules”

A new hydrogel with stem cells from human umbilical cords improves skin wound healing and reduces inflammation.

research The Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Bidens Pilosa L. on Androgen Deficiency Dry Eye in Rats

27 citations , January 2016 in “Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry”

Bidens pilosa L. extract effectively treats androgen deficiency dry eye in rats.

Identifying Key Components and Therapeutic Targets of the Immune System in Hidradenitis Suppurativa with an Emphasis on Neutrophils

research Identifying key components and therapeutic targets of the immune system in hidradenitis suppurativa with an emphasis on neutrophils

16 citations , September 2020 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

The article suggests that targeting specific immune pathways could help control and treat the skin disease hidradenitis suppurativa.

research Effect of Ficus carica leaf extract on the gene expression of selected factors in HaCaT cells

16 citations , April 2017 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

Ficus carica leaf extract may help treat skin disorders by reducing inflammation and androgen effects in skin cells.

research Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Confirms the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Pathogenic Triad: Upregulated Inflammation, Altered Epithelial Organization, and Dysregulated Metabolic Signaling

13 citations , September 2022 in “Biomolecules”

The research confirms that Hidradenitis Suppurativa is characterized by increased inflammation, disrupted skin cell organization, and abnormal metabolic processes.