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GlossaryIonizing Radiation

high-energy particles or waves that can remove electrons from atoms

Ionizing radiation (IR) refers to high-energy particles or waves, such as X-rays, gamma rays, and certain particles, that have enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions. This process can damage or alter the DNA in cells, which is why it is used in medical imaging and cancer treatment, but also why it poses risks such as radiation sickness and increased cancer risk with excessive exposure.

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research A simple assay for the study of human hair follicle damage induced by ionizing irradiation

16 citations , November 2009 in “Experimental dermatology”

Ionizing radiation damages human hair follicles by stopping cell growth, causing cell death, disrupting color, and increasing stress and damage markers.

Irradiation-Induced Hair Graying in Mice: An Experimental Model to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Interventions Targeting Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage Prevention, and Cellular Senescence

research Irradiation-induced hair graying in mice: an experimental model to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions targeting oxidative stress, DNA damage prevention, and cellular senescence

January 2024 in “GeroScience”

Using radiation to make mice's hair turn gray helps study and find ways to prevent or reverse hair graying.

research p53‐dependent transcriptional regulation of EDA2R and its involvement in chemotherapy‐induced hair loss

37 citations , April 2010 in “FEBS Letters”

The study concludes that the EDA2R gene is activated by p53 during chemotherapy but is not necessary for chemotherapy-induced hair loss.

research Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Murine Gene Expression in Skin and Bone

January 2017 in “NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)”

Early changes in skin gene expression can predict later bone mass loss after radiation exposure.

research EP-2271: The role of mitochondria in the non-targeted effect of ionizing radiation

April 2018 in “Radiotherapy and Oncology”

Mitochondria may influence how cells respond to radiation, affecting nearby non-irradiated cells.

research Temporal Dynamics of Endothelium After Radiation Injury Reveal a Transient Pro-Angiogenic Capillary Subpopulation Associated with Skin Repair

March 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

A temporary capillary cell type helps skin repair after radiation by promoting blood vessel growth.

research Enhancing skin regeneration in gamma irradiated mice by Low-level laser Therapy

1 citations , January 2019 in “Journal of Nuclear Technologyin Applied Science (JNTAS) (Print)”

Low-level laser therapy speeds up skin healing and stimulates hair follicles in mice after radiation exposure.

Cell and Tissue Damage After Skin Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Short- and Long-Term Effects After Single and Fractional Doses

research Cell and Tissue Damage after Skin Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Short- and Long-Term Effects after a Single and Fractional Doses

14 citations , January 2014 in “Cells Tissues Organs”

Ionizing radiation causes irreversible skin damage, with single doses leading to acute injury and hair graying, and fractional doses causing more severe long-term tissue damage.

research Single dose gamma irradiation induced angiogenesis in rat skin hair follicles

3 citations , October 2020 in “Internatuinal Journal of Radiation Research”

Gamma irradiation can stimulate hair growth by promoting new blood vessel formation.

Risks of Protein Conditioner Application Under the Impact of Heat and Gamma Irradiation in Albino Rats

research Risks of Protein Conditioner Application under the Impact of Heat and/or Gamma Irradiation in Albino Rats

April 2021 in “Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications/Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications ”

Repeated use of protein hair conditioner with heat or gamma irradiation can harm skin and hair health in rats.

research Permanent alopecia after cranial irradiation: Dose–response relationship

120 citations , October 2004 in “International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics”

Higher doses of cranial irradiation are linked to permanent hair loss.

research Hair transplantation for the treatment of post-irradiation alopecia

July 2003 in “Nowotwory”

Hair transplant is effective for treating hair loss caused by radiation and improves patients' quality of life.

Exposure to Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Fields Emitted from Mobile Phones Induced DNA Damage in Human Ear Canal Hair Follicle Cells

research Exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic fields emitted from mobile phones induced DNA damage in human ear canal hair follicle cells

25 citations , April 2018 in “Electromagnetic biology and medicine”

Mobile phone radiation may cause DNA damage in human ear hair follicle cells.

research Resident CD34-positive cells contribute to peri-endothelial cells and vascular morphogenesis in salivary gland after irradiation

13 citations , October 2020 in “Journal of Neural Transmission”

CD34-positive cells help repair and form new blood vessels in salivary glands after radiation.

research Keratinocyte Stem Cells but Not Melanocyte Stem Cells Are the Primary Target for Radiation-Induced Hair Graying

30 citations , April 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Radiation mainly affects keratinocyte stem cells, not melanocyte stem cells, causing hair to gray.

research Cultured Human Foreskin as a Model System for Evaluating Ionizing Radiation-Induced Skin Injury

4 citations , August 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Human foreskin does not show aging or reduced cell growth after radiation, and H2A.J is not a good marker for radiation-induced aging.

research Radiotherapy-Induced Skin Fibrosis: Pathophysiology, Emerging Therapeutics, and the Role of Dermatology

February 2026 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

Radiotherapy can cause skin fibrosis, which is often overlooked and needs better treatment and evaluation.

research Growth of the Hair

521 citations , January 1954 in “Physiological Reviews”

Hair growth is cyclic and influenced mainly by local factors.

research Preparation and characterization of keratin-based biocomposite hydrogels prepared by electron beam irradiation

71 citations , September 2013 in “Materials Science and Engineering C”

Keratin-based hydrogels from human hair and wool are promising for wound dressings and are more eco-friendly.

research Regulation of melanocyte stem cell behavior by the niche microenvironment

24 citations , March 2018 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research”

The environment around melanocyte stem cells is key for hair regeneration and color, with certain injuries affecting hair color and potential treatments for pigmentation disorders.

research Aggressive Squamous Carcinomas of the Scalp

18 citations , September 2006 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

Aggressive scalp squamous cell carcinomas have a high death rate and need early, strong treatment.

research The preventive effect of vitamin D3 on radiation-induced hair toxicity in a rat model

14 citations , November 2005 in “Life sciences”

Vitamin D3 may protect rat hair follicles from radiation damage.

research Exogenous Factors in Hair Disorders

11 citations , January 2004 in “Exogenous dermatology”

Outside factors like grooming, chemicals, and the environment can damage hair and cause disorders.

research Effects of a complex mixture prepared from agrimonia, houttuynia, licorice, peony, and phellodendron on human skin cells

4 citations , December 2020 in “Scientific Reports”

The plant extract mixture improves skin health by reducing inflammation, boosting collagen, and supporting anti-aging.

Aggressive Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Scalp

research Aggressive Squamous Carcinomas of the Scalp

September 2006 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

Some aggressive scalp cancers are hard to treat and can be deadly, even when removed with specialized surgery.

research A Therapeutic Role for Survivin in Mitigating the Harmful Effects of Ionizing Radiation

2 citations , January 2016 in “Sarcoma”

Inducing survivin in normal tissues can protect against radiation damage.

research The dark art of light measurement: accurate radiometry for low-level light therapy

65 citations , March 2016 in “Lasers in Medical Science”

Most low-level light therapy studies did not accurately report how light was measured, affecting treatment reliability.

research Apoptosis and cutaneous biology

60 citations , June 1997 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Apoptosis is crucial for healthy skin and treating skin diseases.

research In vivo skin leptin modulation after 14 MeV neutron irradiation: a molecular and FT-IR spectroscopic study

47 citations , April 2012 in “Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry”

research Initial damage produced by a single 15-Gy x-ray irradiation to the rat calvaria skin

9 citations , June 2020 in “European Radiology Experimental”

15-Gy x-ray irradiation temporarily alters rat calvaria skin without causing significant inflammation or fibrosis.