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GlossaryIonizing Radiation

high-energy particles or waves that can remove electrons from atoms

Ionizing radiation (IR) refers to high-energy particles or waves, such as X-rays, gamma rays, and certain particles, that have enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions. This process can damage or alter the DNA in cells, which is why it is used in medical imaging and cancer treatment, but also why it poses risks such as radiation sickness and increased cancer risk with excessive exposure.

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Cell and Tissue Damage After Skin Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Short- and Long-Term Effects After Single and Fractional Doses

research Cell and Tissue Damage after Skin Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Short- and Long-Term Effects after a Single and Fractional Doses

14 citations , January 2014 in “Cells Tissues Organs”

Ionizing radiation causes irreversible skin damage, with single doses leading to acute injury and hair graying, and fractional doses causing more severe long-term tissue damage.

research Cultured Human Foreskin as a Model System for Evaluating Ionizing Radiation-Induced Skin Injury

4 citations , August 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Human foreskin does not show aging or reduced cell growth after radiation, and H2A.J is not a good marker for radiation-induced aging.

research Keratin 17 Impacts Global Gene Expression and Controls G2/M Cell Cycle Transition in Ionizing Radiation–Induced Skin Damage

3 citations , July 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Keratin 17 is important for skin's response to radiation, affecting many genes and cell division.

research A Therapeutic Role for Survivin in Mitigating the Harmful Effects of Ionizing Radiation

2 citations , January 2016 in “Sarcoma”

Inducing survivin in normal tissues can protect against radiation damage.

research Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Murine Gene Expression in Skin and Bone

January 2017 in “NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)”

Early changes in skin gene expression can predict later bone mass loss after radiation exposure.

research Modeling of ionizing radiation induced hair follicle regenerative dynamics

September 2022 in “Journal of Theoretical Biology”

Hair follicles can regenerate after radiation damage but not during a specific growth phase.

Ionizing Radiation Triggers Dedifferentiation of Outer Root Sheath Cells Into Stem Cell-Like Progenitors for Hair Follicle Regeneration

research 881 Ionizing radiation triggers dedifferentiation of outer root sheath cells into stem cell-like progenitors for hair follicle regeneration

April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Stimulation of Hair Growth in Rabbits by Ionizing Radiations

5 citations , May 1957 in “Nature”

research EP-2271: The role of mitochondria in the non-targeted effect of ionizing radiation

April 2018 in “Radiotherapy and Oncology”

Mitochondria may influence how cells respond to radiation, affecting nearby non-irradiated cells.

research Mobilizing Transit-Amplifying Cell-Derived Ectopic Progenitors Prevents Hair Loss from Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy

38 citations , September 2017 in “Cancer Research”

Boosting certain cell signals can prevent hair loss from cancer treatments.

research Keratinocyte Stem Cells but Not Melanocyte Stem Cells Are the Primary Target for Radiation-Induced Hair Graying

30 citations , April 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Radiation mainly affects keratinocyte stem cells, not melanocyte stem cells, causing hair to gray.

research Characterization of Transgenic NSG-SGM3 Mouse Model of Precision Radiation-Induced Chronic Hyposalivation

5 citations , July 2022 in “Radiation Research”

The mouse model helps study and develop treatments for radiation-induced saliva reduction.

research Radiation Dermatitis: Radiation-Induced Effects on the Structural and Immunological Barrier Function of the Epidermis

1 citations , March 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Radiation therapy damages skin structure and immune function, causing inflammation and potential hair loss.

research Temporal Dynamics of Endothelium After Radiation Injury Reveal a Transient Pro-Angiogenic Capillary Subpopulation Associated with Skin Repair

March 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

A temporary capillary cell type helps skin repair after radiation by promoting blood vessel growth.

Mobilizing Transit-Amplifying Cell-Derived Ectopic Progenitors Prevents Hair Loss from Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy

research Data from Mobilizing Transit-Amplifying Cell-Derived Ectopic Progenitors Prevents Hair Loss from Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy

March 2023

Activating certain hair follicle cells could prevent hair loss from cancer treatments.

research 837 From genotoxic stresses to skin damage: Distinct, novel mechanisms of skin and hair damage in chemo/radiation therapy

April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy cause skin and hair damage by altering gene expression and signaling pathways.

Exposure to Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Fields Emitted from Mobile Phones Induced DNA Damage in Human Ear Canal Hair Follicle Cells

research Exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic fields emitted from mobile phones induced DNA damage in human ear canal hair follicle cells

25 citations , April 2018 in “Electromagnetic biology and medicine”

Mobile phone radiation may cause DNA damage in human ear hair follicle cells.

research Supplementary Figures, Tables and Legends from Mobilizing Transit-Amplifying Cell-Derived Ectopic Progenitors Prevents Hair Loss from Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy

March 2023

Boosting certain cell signals can prevent hair loss from chemotherapy and radiation.

research Supplementary Figures, Tables and Legends from Mobilizing Transit-Amplifying Cell-Derived Ectopic Progenitors Prevents Hair Loss from Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy

March 2023

Boosting certain cell signals can prevent hair loss from chemotherapy and radiation.

Mobilizing Transit-Amplifying Cell-Derived Ectopic Progenitors to Prevent Hair Loss from Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy

research Data from Mobilizing Transit-Amplifying Cell-Derived Ectopic Progenitors Prevents Hair Loss from Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy

March 2023

Activating certain cells in hair follicles can prevent hair loss caused by cancer treatments.

research Structure and function of melanocytes: microscopic morphology and cell biology of mouse melanocytes in the epidermis and hair follicle.

69 citations , January 1995 in “PubMed”

Mouse melanocyte structure and function are influenced by genetics, hormones, and environmental factors.

research A simple assay for the study of human hair follicle damage induced by ionizing irradiation

16 citations , November 2009 in “Experimental dermatology”

Ionizing radiation damages human hair follicles by stopping cell growth, causing cell death, disrupting color, and increasing stress and damage markers.

research Clinical Pathobiology of Radiotherapy-Induced Alopecia: A Guide toward More Effective Prevention and Hair Follicle Repair

3 citations , June 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The conclusion suggests that focusing on certain cellular pathways may improve the prevention and repair of hair loss caused by radiotherapy.

research Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2000-0385-2813, Equifax Payment Services, St. Petersburg, Florida.

2 citations , October 2000

The investigation found no work-related causes for employee hair loss at Equifax Payment Services, and the environment was not hazardous.

research Radiotherapy-Induced Skin Fibrosis: Pathophysiology, Emerging Therapeutics, and the Role of Dermatology

February 2026 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

Radiotherapy can cause skin fibrosis, which is often overlooked and needs better treatment and evaluation.

Irradiation-Induced Hair Graying in Mice: An Experimental Model to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Interventions Targeting Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage Prevention, and Cellular Senescence

research Irradiation-induced hair graying in mice: an experimental model to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions targeting oxidative stress, DNA damage prevention, and cellular senescence

January 2024 in “GeroScience”

Using radiation to make mice's hair turn gray helps study and find ways to prevent or reverse hair graying.

research Chemically Induced Depigmentation of Skin and Hair

January 1990 in “Springer eBooks”

Some chemicals can permanently or temporarily remove color from skin and hair, which can be distressing and is not well-regulated in cosmetics.

research Alopecia Universalis

May 1979 in “Archives of Dermatology”

Alopecia can be linked to autoimmune issues, vitiligo, nail problems, and sometimes cancer treatments.

research p53‐dependent transcriptional regulation of EDA2R and its involvement in chemotherapy‐induced hair loss

37 citations , April 2010 in “FEBS Letters”

The study concludes that the EDA2R gene is activated by p53 during chemotherapy but is not necessary for chemotherapy-induced hair loss.

research Enhancing skin regeneration in gamma irradiated mice by Low-level laser Therapy

1 citations , January 2019 in “Journal of Nuclear Technologyin Applied Science (JNTAS) (Print)”

Low-level laser therapy speeds up skin healing and stimulates hair follicles in mice after radiation exposure.