30 citations
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August 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” TGase 3 helps build hair structure by forming strong bonds between proteins.
45 citations
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January 1977 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair follicles have an enzyme that converts arginine to citrulline in proteins.
13 citations
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January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Transglutaminases help form strong hair by linking proteins, and can potentially alter hair properties.
March 2026 in “Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials” Hair cuticles remain stable and resilient under stress due to strong protein content and crosslinking.
27 citations
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May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
3 citations
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July 2025 in “Gels” Engineered protein hydrogels improve medical treatments by mimicking natural body structures.
7 citations
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December 2011 in “Annals of anatomy” Involucrin helps strengthen the inner parts of human hair.
40 citations
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May 2016 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Changes in keratin make hair follicles stiffer.
125 citations
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February 1971 in “Biochemistry” Specific cross-linkages help make hair proteins stable and strong.
4 citations
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November 2017 in “Scientific Reports” The research provides a gene-based framework for hair biology, highlighting the Hippo pathway's importance and suggesting links between hair disorders, cancer pathways, and the immune system.
122 citations
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January 2006 in “Molecular & Cellular Proteomics” Human hair contains many proteins, with some being highly abundant and modified.
8 citations
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January 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Transglutaminase activity is important for skin and is found in both mammals and birds.
May 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds are crucial for hair's strength, especially when wet.
135 citations
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October 1997 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Trichohyalin is modified by enzymes to form strong structures in hair cells.
28 citations
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August 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TG5 helps maintain hair follicle health, while TG3 aids in hair shaft development.
35 citations
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July 2010 in “The FEBS journal” The study found a specific peptide that helps detect TGase 3 activity in skin and hair follicles.
22 citations
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August 2020 in “Cells” TGM3 is important for skin and hair structure and may help diagnose cancer.
Cornification is the process where living skin cells die to create a protective barrier, and problems with it can cause skin diseases.
105 citations
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February 1996 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” The TGM3 gene's promoter region is key for skin and hair cell function and may aid gene therapy.
24 citations
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November 1978 in “Biochemistry” α-type filaments in guinea pig hair follicles have unique structural features.
January 2016 in “SpringerBriefs in bioengineering” Genetic defects and UV radiation cause skin damage and aging.
253 citations
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March 1994 in “Developmental dynamics” Apoptosis is essential for human skin development and forming a functional epidermis.
25 citations
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May 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Researchers found a new gene, hacl-1, that is active in mouse hair follicles during hair growth and may be important for hair biology.
December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Keratin proteins are crucial for hair structure and strength.
19 citations
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January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
1 citations
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December 2022 in “Middle East Journal of Science” Permanent hair dyes use chemicals that react with hydrogen peroxide to create color.
January 2019 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)” Advanced microscopy shows hair damage and keratin proteins' roles, aiding future cosmetic treatments.
70 citations
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January 2014 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.
October 2023 in “Animal production science” Vitamin A deficiency changes cattle hair structure, while pregnancy may improve it, suggesting hair can indicate cattle health.