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GlossaryJanus Kinase 3

enzyme involved in immune cell signaling pathways

Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the signaling pathways of certain types of immune cells. It is involved in the transmission of signals from various cytokine receptors, which are important for the development and function of the immune system. Mutations or malfunctions in JAK3 can lead to immune disorders and have been targeted in treatments for conditions like alopecia areata and rheumatoid arthritis.

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research Efficacy and safety of the oral Janus kinase 3/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma family kinase inhibitor ritlecitinib over 24 months: integrated analysis of the ALLEGRO phase IIb/III and long-term phase III clinical studies in alopecia areata

23 citations , October 2024 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Ritlecitinib effectively treats alopecia areata and is safe for long-term use in people 12 and older.

research In‐silico Screening of ATP‐competitive Inhibitory Activities of Phytochemicals against Janus Kinase 3 and Its In‐vitro Evaluation

April 2020 in “The FASEB journal”

Poncirin is a promising inhibitor of Janus Kinase 3, potentially better than tofacitinib.

research Efficacy and safety of deuruxolitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase inhibitor, in adults with alopecia areata: Results from the Phase 3 randomized, controlled trial (THRIVE-AA1)

63 citations , July 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Deuruxolitinib effectively promotes hair regrowth in adults with alopecia areata.

Forecasting Phase 3 Dose-Response for Abrocitinib, an Oral Janus Kinase 1 Selective Inhibitor, Using Investigator’s Global Assessment and Eczema Area and Severity Index

research 170 Forecasting Phase 3 Dose-Response for Abrocitinib, an Oral Janus Kinase 1 Selective Inhibitor, Using Investigator’s Global Assessment and Eczema Area and Severity Index

September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Abrocitinib at 100 mg and 200 mg daily may significantly improve moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in patients 12 years and older.

research Frontal fibrosing alopecia shows robust T helper 1 and Janus kinase 3 skewing

34 citations , June 2020 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Frontal fibrosing alopecia is linked to increased immune system activity and reduced stem cells, suggesting early treatment targeting this pathway might prevent hair follicle damage.

research 378 Treatment of severe alopecia areata with the oral Janus kinase inhibitor, tofacitinib: A retrospective chart review

1 citations , April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Tofacitinib may help regrow hair in severe alopecia areata, but results differ greatly between people.

Tofacitinib (Selective Janus Kinase Inhibitor 1 and 3): A Promising Therapy for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Case Report of Six Patients

research Tofacitinib (Selective Janus Kinase Inhibitor 1 and 3): A promising therapy for the treatment of alopecia areata: A case report of six patients

24 citations , January 2018 in “International Journal of Trichology”

Tofacitinib helped regrow hair in patients with alopecia, with few side effects.

Patient Experience of Off-Label Janus Kinase Inhibitor Use for Alopecia Areata in a Cohort of 34 Patients From a Single UK Practitioner: Exploring Changing Trends in Healthcare Provision and Access to Drug Treatments

research BH09 Patient experience of off-label Janus kinase inhibitor use for alopecia areata in a cohort of 34 patients from a single UK practitioner: exploring changing trends in healthcare provision and access to drug treatments

June 2023 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Patients with alopecia areata face challenges accessing Janus kinase inhibitors, but some see positive results.

research Efficacy and safety of deuruxolitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor, in adults with alopecia areata: Results from the THRIVE-AA2 Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial

2 citations , November 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Deuruxolitinib effectively regrows hair in adults with alopecia areata and is well tolerated.

research Treatment of vitiligo with the topical Janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib: A 32-week open-label extension study with optional narrow-band ultraviolet B

74 citations , February 2018 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

research Janus kinase inhibitors for alopecia areata

7 citations , August 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

JAK inhibitors offer new hope for treating severe alopecia areata.

research 1332 Janus kinase inhibitor increases hair growth by increasing beta-catenin activity in outer root sheath cells

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

JAK inhibitors help hair growth by boosting beta-catenin activity in hair root cells.

research JAK 1-3 inhibitors and TYK-2 inhibitors in dermatology: Practical pearls for the primary care physician

6 citations , October 2024 in “Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care”

Primary care doctors need to monitor JAK and TYK-2 inhibitors carefully for skin conditions.

research Netherton syndrome subtypes share IL-17/IL-36 signature with distinct IFN-α and allergic responses

59 citations , September 2021 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology”

Netherton syndrome has two subtypes with shared immune traits but different allergic and immune responses, suggesting targeted treatments.

research The changing landscape of managing hair loss: a 30‐year perspective

October 2021 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

There have been major advances in diagnosing and treating hair loss over the last 30 years, with new drugs and improved hair transplant techniques.

research 33774 Baricitinib results in eyebrow and eyelash growth in patients with alopecia areata who do not achieve 20% or less scalp hair loss

1 citations , September 2022 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Baricitinib helps grow eyebrows and eyelashes in severe alopecia areata patients.

Clinician and Patient Evaluation of Improvement for Eyebrow and Eyelashes Hair Loss During Baricitinib Phase 3 Trials BRAVE-AA1 and BRAVE-AA2

research 32237 Clinician and patient evaluation of improvement for eyebrow and eyelashes hair loss during baricitinib phase 3 trials BRAVE-AA1 and BRAVE-AA2

September 2022 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Baricitinib was effective in regrowing eyebrow and eyelash hair in patients with severe alopecia areata.

research Tofacitinib 2% ointment, a topical Janus kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of alopecia areata: A pilot study of 10 patients

48 citations , November 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Tofacitinib 2% ointment helped hair regrow in 3 out of 10 patients with alopecia areata, but caused side effects like scalp irritation and raised cholesterol in some.

research Baricitinib Provides Higher Efficacy in Adolescents Relative to Adults With Alopecia Areata Despite More Severe Disease at Baseline: 36-Week Outcomes From BRAVE-AA Trials

November 2025 in “SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine”

The study found that Baricitinib (Bari), a Janus kinase inhibitor, is effective and safe for treating severe alopecia areata (AA) in both adolescents and adults. In the BRAVE-AA trials, 257 adolescents and 1,200 adults were treated with either Bari 4mg, Bari 2mg, or a placebo. At 36 weeks, 42.4% of adolescents on Bari 4mg achieved a SALT score of less than 20, compared to 34% of adults. Adolescents showed higher response rates despite having more severe disease at baseline, indicating the potential benefits of early intervention. Common side effects included headache, acne, and upper respiratory tract infections.

research Evolution of Ritlecitinib Population Pharmacokinetic Models During Clinical Drug Development

6 citations , November 2023 in “Clinical Pharmacokinetics”

Ritlecitinib shows promise as a versatile treatment for various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

research The Role of Tofacitinib in the Management of Alopecia Totalis

4 citations , May 2019 in “Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal”

Tofacitinib helped regrow hair in a patient with severe hair loss and improved their quality of life without side effects.

research Real-world assessment of ritlecitinib in patients with severe alopecia areata: a 24-week multicentre retrospective study

3 citations , July 2025 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

Ritlecitinib may be more effective for severe alopecia areata than conventional treatments.

UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS-Based Metabolomics and In Silico Studies on 5-Alpha-Reductase, JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3 of Albizia Saponaria L.: Application to Alopecia

research UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS-based Metabolomics and In Silico Studies on 5-α-Reductase, JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3 of Albizia saponaria L.: Application to Alopecia

March 2026 in “Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research”

Albizia saponaria bark extract may help treat hair loss.

research Environmental Modulation of JAK3-Mediated Immune Dysregulation in Alopecia Areata

November 2025 in “Scholarly Commons (Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)”

Urban air pollution worsens hair loss in alopecia areata by increasing immune response.

research BH08 Unprovoked pulmonary emboli in a patient with alopecia areata treated with ritlecitinib: a case report

June 2025 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Ritlecitinib may cause serious side effects like blood clots in alopecia areata patients.

research Oral tofacitinib: a promising treatment in atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata and vitiligo

37 citations , October 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

Oral tofacitinib shows promise in treating atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata, but only slight improvement in vitiligo.

research An urticarial drug eruption caused by tofacitinib for alopecia universalis

2 citations , April 2019 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

A patient with alopecia had hair regrowth with tofacitinib but developed a skin reaction, choosing to continue the treatment despite the side effect.

research Olumiant® (Baricitinib)-A Newly Approved Janus Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata.

January 2022 in “PubMed”

Olumiant® (Baricitinib) is effective for treating hair loss from Alopecia Areata.

Hair Growth-Promoting Effects of Enz MoriL on Human Dermal Papilla Cells Through Modulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin and JAK-STAT Signaling Pathways

research Hair growth–promoting effects of Enz_MoriL on human dermal papilla cells through modulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin and JAK-STAT signaling pathways

May 2024 in “Archives of dermatological research”

Enz_MoriL from mulberry leaves helps hair growth by affecting specific cell pathways.

$Case Report: Reversal of Long-Standing Refractory Diffuse Non-Scarring Alopecia Due to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Following Treatment With Tofacitinib$

research Case Report: Reversal of Long-Standing Refractory Diffuse Non-Scarring Alopecia Due to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Following Treatment With Tofacitinib

6 citations , April 2021 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

A patient with lupus and long-term hair loss saw significant hair regrowth after using the drug tofacitinib.