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GlossaryKeratin 2

protein providing structural strength to skin, hair, and nails

Keratin 2 (KRT2) is a type of protein found in the outer layer of the skin, hair, and nails. It plays a crucial role in providing structural strength and resilience to these tissues, helping to protect them from damage and wear. Mutations in the KRT2 gene can lead to skin disorders such as ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens, which is characterized by blistering and scaling of the skin.

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The Human Type I Keratin Gene Family: Characterization of New Hair Follicle Specific Members and Evaluation of the Chromosome 17q21.2 Gene Domain

research The human type I keratin gene family: Characterization of new hair follicle specific members and evaluation of the chromosome 17q21.2 gene domain

70 citations , December 2004 in “Differentiation”

The study identified and characterized new keratin genes linked to hair follicles and epithelial tissues.

research Autosomal Recessive Hypotrichosis with Woolly Hair Caused by a Mutation in the Keratin 25 Gene Expressed in Hair Follicles

50 citations , February 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A mutation in the KRT25 gene causes a rare hair disorder with thin, woolly hair.

research Ontogeny and regional variability of keratin 2e (K2e) in developing human fetal skin: a unique spatial and temporal pattern of keratin expression in development

19 citations , April 1999 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Keratin 2e shows a unique pattern in developing fetal skin, different from other keratins.

research The Study on Biological Function of Keratin 26, a Novel Member of Liaoning Cashmere Goat Keratin Gene Family

14 citations , December 2016 in “PloS one”

Keratin 26 affects cashmere goat hair growth and is influenced by various treatments.

research Binding Interactions of Keratin-Based Hair Fiber Extract to Gold, Keratin, and BMP-2

22 citations , August 2015 in “PloS one”

Keratin from hair binds well to gold and BMP-2, useful for bone repair.

research The Mean Staple Length of Wool Fibre Is Associated with Variation in the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 21-2 Gene

4 citations , January 2020 in “Genes”

The KRTAP21-2 gene affects wool length and quality in sheep.

research Identification of the Keratin-Associated Protein 22-2 Gene in the Capra hircus and Association of Its Variation with Cashmere Traits

1 citations , September 2023 in “Animals”

A new goat gene affects cashmere fiber thickness; certain variations can make the fibers coarser.

research Keratin 17 mutations cause either steatocystoma multiplex or pachyonychia congenita type 2

175 citations , September 1998 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Keratin 17 gene mutations cause both steatocystoma multiplex and pachyonychia congenita type 2.

research Chapter 2 The Human Keratin Genes and Their Differential Expression

126 citations , January 1987 in “Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology”

Different keratin proteins are expressed in various epithelial cells at different stages, affecting cell structure and function.

research Characterization of a First Domain of Human High Glycine-Tyrosine and High Sulfur Keratin-associated Protein (KAP) Genes on Chromosome 21q22.1

100 citations , December 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Researchers mapped and categorized specific keratin-associated protein genes on human chromosome 21q22.1.

Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 21 in Fond Memory of Dr. Peter Steinert

research Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 2111In fond memory of Dr Peter Steinert.

62 citations , January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.

research A cluster of 21 keratin-associated protein genes within introns of another gene on human chromosome 21q22.3

34 citations , January 2004 in “Genomics”

A cluster of 21 keratin-associated protein genes important for hair growth was found on human chromosome 21.

Effect of the Polymorphisms of Keratin Associated Protein 8.2 Gene on Fiber Traits in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats

research Effect of the Polymorphisms of Keratin Associated Protein 8.2 Gene on Fibre Traits in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats

20 citations , May 2007 in “Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences”

KAP8.2 gene variations affect cashmere quality in goats.

research ANTI‐HAIR KERATIN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (HKN‐2)

13 citations , August 1985 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

HKN-2 antibody targets specific skin and hair cells, showing keratin complexity.

research A Mutational Hotspot in the 2B Domain of Human Hair Basic Keratin 6 (hHb6) in Monilethrix Patients

34 citations , November 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A common mutation in the hHb6 gene is linked to monilethrix, but other factors may also play a role.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 22-1 (KAP22-1) Gene and Its Effect on Wool Traits

42 citations , January 2017 in “Genes”

The gene KAP22-1 affects wool yield and fiber shape in sheep.

research Chemical modification of keratin fibers using 2‐iminothiorane hydrochloride

16 citations , October 2003 in “Journal of applied polymer science”

2-iminothiorane hydrochloride improves hair waving permanence without damage.

Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

research Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

98 citations , June 2001 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

A cluster of sulfur-rich hair protein genes was found on chromosome 17.

research A family of type I keratin genes and the homeobox-2 gene complex are closely linked to the rex locus on mouse chromosome 11

49 citations , October 1989 in “Genomics”

Type I keratin genes are closely linked to the rex locus on mouse chromosome 11, affecting hair development.

research Alterations in the expression of specific epidermal keratin markers in the hairless mouse by the topical application of the tumor promoters 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

12 citations , January 1987 in “Carcinogenesis”

TCDD changes skin cell growth and keratin production in mice.

research Peer Review #2 of "Potential use of human hair shaft keratin peptide signatures to distinguish gender and ethnicity (v0.1)"

January 2020

Keratin peptide signatures in hair may help identify gender and ethnicity.

research Peer Review #2 of "A novel control of human keratin expression: cannabinoid receptor 1-mediated signaling down-regulates the expression of keratins K6 and K16 in human keratinocytes in vitro and in situ (v0.1)"

February 2013

Activating CB1 can reduce keratin levels, potentially helping manage psoriasis and aid wound healing.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 21-1 Gene and Its Association with Variation in Wool Traits

7 citations , July 2019 in “Animals”

The KRTAP21-1 gene affects wool yield and can help improve wool production.

DNA Dioxygenases Tet1/2/3 Control Hair Matrix Keratinocyte Differentiation and Hair Shaft Shape via Regulation of Hair Keratin Gene Expression

research 764 DNA dioxygenases Tet1/2/3 control hair matrix keratinocyte differentiation and hair shaft shape via regulation of hair keratin gene expression

June 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The enzymes Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3 are important for the development of hair follicles and determining hair shape by controlling hair keratin genes.

research Peer Review #1 of "Potential use of human hair shaft keratin peptide signatures to distinguish gender and ethnicity (v0.2)"

January 2020

Keratin peptide signatures in hair may help identify gender and ethnicity.

research Characterization of the Human Hair Keratin–Associated Protein 2 (KRTAP2) Gene Family

52 citations , April 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

KRTAP2 genes are crucial for hair structure and may impact hair disorders and treatments.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 26-1 Gene and Its Association with Variation in Wool Traits

29 citations , September 2017 in “Genes”

Selecting specific KRTAP26-1 gene variants can improve wool quality in sheep.

research Immunological characteristics and histological distribution of human hair fibrous proteins studied with anti-hair keratin monoclonal antibodies HKN-2, HKN-4, and HKN-6.

52 citations , February 1986 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry”

Some hair proteins are specific to hair, while others are also found in skin cells.

research Corrigendum to “Endocrine controls of primary adult human stem cell biology: Thyroid hormones stimulate keratin 15 expression, apoptosis, and differentiation in human hair follicle epithelial stem cells in situ and in vitro” [Eur. J. Cell Biol. (2010) 769–777]

1 citations , November 2012 in “European Journal of Cell Biology”

The authors clarified data overlap and corrected a figure error, apologizing for any confusion.

research Ovine KRTAP36-2: A New Keratin-Associated Protein Gene Related to Variation in Wool Yield

November 2023 in “Genes”

The KRTAP36-2 gene in sheep affects wool yield.