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GlossaryKeratin 85

protein crucial for hair structure and strength

Keratin 85, also known as KRT85, is a type of protein found in hair follicles. It plays a crucial role in the structure and strength of hair, contributing to its resilience and elasticity. Mutations in the KRT85 gene can lead to hair disorders, such as monilethrix, which is characterized by beaded or fragile hair.

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research 840 Early and late matrix progenitors form the terminally differentiated cell layers of the hair follicle

April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Early and late matrix progenitors in hair follicles create different cell layers, with early ones forming the companion layer and later ones forming the inner root sheath and hair shaft.

research Spatiotemporal Expression and Haplotypes Identification of KRT84 Gene and Their Association with Wool Traits in Gansu Alpine Fine-Wool Sheep

February 2024 in “Genes”

The KRT84 gene is linked to better wool quality in Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep.

Dissecting the Role of the Common Neurotrophin Receptor CD271 in the Skin: Generation and Characterization of a Novel Mouse Model with Keratinocyte-Specific Conditional Deletion

research 186 Dissecting the role of the common neurotrophin receptor CD271 in the skin: generation and characterization of a novel mouse model with keratinocyte-specific conditional deletion

November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Deleting the CD271 gene in mouse skin cells leads to disorganized skin and increased hair growth, suggesting CD271 is important for skin health.

research Characterisation of an Ovine Keratin Associated Protein (KAP) Gene, Which Would Produce a Protein Rich in Glycine and Tyrosine, but Lacking in Cysteine

24 citations , October 2019 in “Genes”

A new sheep gene, KRTAP36-1, may help breed sheep with better wool by reducing prickle factor.

research Evolution of Trichocyte Keratins

18 citations , January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology”

Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.

research Degradation of human hair keratin scaffold material used to repair in-jured skeletal muscles of rabbits

January 2002 in “中国人民解放军军医大学学报：英文版”

research Tolerance induction by hair-specific keratins in murine alopecia areata

18 citations , July 2013 in “Journal of Leukocyte Biology”

Nonimmunogenic forms of keratins K71 and K31 can delay and prevent alopecia areata.

research Whole exome sequencing in Alopecia Areata identifies rare variants in KRT82

9 citations , February 2022 in “Nature communications”

Rare changes in the KRT82 gene are linked to a higher risk of Alopecia Areata.

research A comparative study of materials assembled from recombinant K31 and K81 and extracted human hair keratins

2 citations , September 2020 in “Biomedical materials”

Recombinant keratin materials may better promote skin cell differentiation than natural keratin.

research 839 Spatiotemporal antagonism in mesenchymal-epithelial Signaling in sweat versus hair fate decision

April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Sweat glands and hair follicles are determined by opposing signals, with BMPs promoting sweat glands and blocking BMPs leading to hair follicles.

research The Effects of Spermidine on Functional and Transcriptomic Markers in Human Primary Keratinocytes

October 2025 in “Physiologia”

Spermidine may improve skin health and hair growth by enhancing cell function.

research Molecular Regulation of Secondary Hair Follicle Stem Cell by S100a4 in Cashmere Goat

January 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

S100a4 is key for hair growth in cashmere goats.

research Innovative method of alopecia treatment by autologous adipose-derived SVF

11 citations , August 2021 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

The document concludes that using a person's own fat cells (SVF) can significantly increase hair thickness and density, suggesting it could be a promising treatment for hair loss.

research Role of Sulfur Metabolism Gene and High-Sulfur Gene Expression in Wool Growth Regulation in the Cashmere Goat

1 citations , August 2021 in “Frontiers in Genetics”

Certain genes related to sulfur metabolism are more active during the growth phase of Cashmere goat wool, and melatonin might help this process.

research Utilizing functional genomics approaches to characterize risk genes in alopecia areata

January 2020 in “Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)”

Certain genetic changes in the STX17 and KRT82 genes contribute to hair loss in alopecia areata.

research Structural changes in trichocyte keratin intermediate filaments during keratinization

23 citations , April 2003 in “Journal of Structural Biology”

Keratin structure changes during keratinization, but the exact model remains uncertain.

research Nucleation and growth of macrofibrils in trichocyte (hard-α) keratins

24 citations , June 2003 in “Journal of Structural Biology”

Sheet formation is key to macrofibril structure differences in wool.

Histologic Morphology and Involucrin, Filaggrin, and Keratin Expression in Normal Canine Skin from Dogs of Different Breeds and Coat Types

research Histologic morphology and involucrin, filaggrin, and keratin expression in normal canine skin from dogs of different breeds and coat types

15 citations , January 2012 in “Journal of Veterinary Science”

Different dog breeds have varying skin thickness and protein expression in their skin.

The Human Type I Keratin Gene Family: Characterization of New Hair Follicle Specific Members and Evaluation of the Chromosome 17q21.2 Gene Domain

research The human type I keratin gene family: Characterization of new hair follicle specific members and evaluation of the chromosome 17q21.2 gene domain

70 citations , December 2004 in “Differentiation”

The study identified and characterized new keratin genes linked to hair follicles and epithelial tissues.

Annurca Apple Polyphenols Ignite Keratin Production in Hair Follicles by Inhibiting the Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Amino Acid Oxidation

research Annurca Apple Polyphenols Ignite Keratin Production in Hair Follicles by Inhibiting the Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Amino Acid Oxidation

18 citations , October 2018 in “Nutrients”

Annurca apple extract promotes hair growth by changing hair follicle metabolism to boost keratin production.

research Expression of Keratin 75 (K6hf) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2 citations , January 2011 in “Dental Medicine Research”

Keratin 75 might be important in oral cancer progression.

research Prolactin—a novel neuroendocrine regulator of human keratin expressionin situ

64 citations , January 2010 in “The FASEB Journal”

Prolactin affects the production of different keratins in human hair, which could lead to new treatments for skin and hair disorders.

research Keratin 79 identifies a novel population of migratory epithelial cells that initiates hair canal morphogenesis and regeneration

60 citations , November 2013 in “Development”

Keratin 79 marks a new group of cells that are key for creating and repairing the hair follicle's structure.

research A novel purification procedure for keratin-associated proteins and keratin from human hair

54 citations , January 2013 in “Journal of Biological Macromolecules”

A new method effectively separates keratin-associated proteins and keratin from human hair.

research The structure of the “amorphous” matrix of keratins

30 citations , April 2017 in “Journal of structural biology”

Human hair keratin fibers have a detailed nano-scale structure that changes with different conditions.

research A Keratin Fiber Sheath

4 citations , November 1968 in “Textile research journal”

Hair fibers may have a unique, non-protein sheath not previously identified.

research Size Polymorphisms in the Human Ultrahigh Sulfur Hair Keratin-Associated Protein 4, KAP4, Gene Family

27 citations , June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The study found that variations in hair protein genes are likely due to evolutionary deletions or duplications.

PH Dependence of the Coiled-Coil Structure of Keratin Intermediate Filament in Human Hair by 13C NMR Spectroscopy and the Mechanism of Its Disruption

research pH Dependence of the Coiled-Coil Structure of Keratin Intermediate Filament in Human Hair by 13C NMR Spectroscopy and the Mechanism of Its Disruption

7 citations , February 1998 in “Polymer journal”

Keratin structure in hair is stable at pH 5-6 but disrupts between pH 6-7.

research Molecular modeling of hair keratin/peptide complex: Using MM‐PBSA calculations to describe experimental binding results

14 citations , January 2012 in “Proteins”

Electrostatic interactions mainly stabilize the binding of peptides to hair keratin.

research Neuroendocrine Controls of Keratin Expression in Human Skin

December 2018 in “IntechOpen eBooks”

Neurohormones help control skin health and could treat skin disorders.