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Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.

Keratin from hair and wool is used in medical materials for healing and drug delivery.

Keratin-associated proteins are crucial for hair strength and structure.

Alkylation of human hair keratin allows for adjustable drug release rates in hydrogels for medical use.

Keratin proteins are essential for keeping the cells in the human colon healthy and stable.

New mutations in hair keratin genes cause the rare hair disorder monilethrix.

Hair is mostly made of three protein types: helical, high-sulfur, and high-tyrosine.

Keratin from hair binds well to gold and BMP-2, useful for bone repair.

PEG and keratin scaffolds can effectively deliver protein drugs by controlling release based on pH levels.

Recombinant keratin K31 makes damaged hair thicker, stronger, and straighter.

K42 and K124 keratins are only found in horse hoof lamellae.

Certain small molecules and polymers can change hair's physical properties and how it feels by affecting the bonds within the hair.

HYDRO DELUXE BIO hyaluronic acid hydrogel is compatible with skin cells, may reduce inflammation, promote blood vessel growth, and protect against oxidative stress, suggesting it could help revitalize hair follicles.

Genetic mutations that disrupt homocysteine breakdown lead to increased damage in mouse hair keratin.

A new goat gene affects cashmere fiber thickness; certain variations can make the fibers coarser.

Pal-KCV peptide strengthens hair and reduces breakage by up to 52%.

Targeting Keratin 17 may help overcome cancer therapy resistance.

Human hair strength and health are linked to sulfur compounds that can be reduced by stress but improved with sulfur supplements.

Nonpalmoplantar skin cells can be made to express keratin 9 by interacting with palmoplantar fibroblasts.

Marine mammals lost many α-keratin genes, aiding their adaptation to aquatic life by becoming hairless.

Mutations in the hHb6 gene cause the hair disorder monilethrix.

A specific gene mutation causes woolly hair and hair loss.

Permanent waving damages hair by disrupting its keratin structure.

Modern techniques have improved the understanding of keratin proteins, revealing their roles in various cells and potential in disease diagnosis.

KAP genes show significant genetic variability, but its impact on hair traits is unclear.

Genetic variations in hair keratin proteins exist but don't significantly affect hair structure.

A cluster of 21 keratin-associated protein genes important for hair growth was found on human chromosome 21.