January 2026 in “Molecules” A new perming method is less damaging to hair and works as well as traditional methods.
June 2017 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” Polymers help reduce damage and improve bleached hair when used during or after bleaching.
May 2022 in “Experimental dermatology” Trichothiodystrophy hair is structurally abnormal with protein and organization issues.
September 2018 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” L-arginine, hydrolysed keratin, and cystine-silanol copolymer can help protect hair from damage during and after bleaching.
30 citations
,
January 2009 in “The scientific world journal/TheScientificWorldjournal” Hair is hard to dissolve because of its complex proteins, but certain solvents that break specific bonds and hydrate can do it.
25 citations
,
December 2011 in “Surface and interface analysis” Bleaching hair causes significant damage by breaking down proteins and fatty acids.
4 citations
,
January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Natural polymers can protect, repair, and promote hair regrowth.
4 citations
,
November 2016 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Pili torti hair is fragile due to loose keratin filaments and weak disulfide bonds.
4 citations
,
August 2014 in “Journal of molecular structure” Chemical treatments on bleached black hair change its internal structure by breaking and reforming bonds, and treatments with hydrolyzed eggwhite protein help repair it.
3 citations
,
September 2021 in “Data in brief” Bleaching hair changes its structure and weakens it, which is important for understanding hair damage and creating treatments.
1 citations
,
January 2013 Depilatories use chemicals to weaken hair for easy removal.
March 2026 in “Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials” Hair cuticles remain stable and resilient under stress due to strong protein content and crosslinking.
December 2025 in “The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research” Ultrasonic and infrared treatments can improve hair strength and appearance with minimal damage.
January 2008 in “Chinese Journal of Spectroscopy Laboratory” Cysteine formation on hair indicates damage, best detected at pH 4.5.
19 citations
,
January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” The new hair straightening method keeps hair straight permanently by using specific creams and heat.
14 citations
,
September 2016 in “Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology” UV exposure damages hair, increasing thiols and altering protein structure.
January 2013 in “Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan” CMADK reduces hair damage from bleaching and permanent waving.
8 citations
,
January 2009 in “Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan” Water-soluble wool keratin can protect human hair from damage during treatments.
2 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Washing permed hair after using thioglycolic acid helps reform strong bonds, making hair stronger.
13 citations
,
September 2017 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Thioglycerol treatment at pH 9.0 with ammonia causes less hair damage and better waving than thioglycolic acid.
January 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new method using 1,4-n-butylene dimaleate effectively repairs and strengthens damaged hair.
17 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of Drug Delivery” PEG and keratin scaffolds can effectively deliver protein drugs by controlling release based on pH levels.
43 citations
,
July 1994 in “Journal of Cell Science” Cross-linked proteins help maintain the structure of hair, feathers, and hagfish teeth.
37 citations
,
October 2015 in “PeerJ” Perming significantly changes hair's molecular structure, while shampoo and conditioner do not.
February 2026 in “Optics” Stretching wool changes its structure and improves fiber alignment.
August 2025 in “Applied Sciences” Peroxide-rich plasma-activated water is gentler on hair than nitrate-rich formulations.
28 citations
,
December 2011 in “Biocatalysis and biotransformation” PDI helps restore over-bleached hair's strength and structure by attaching special peptides.
16 citations
,
October 2003 in “Journal of applied polymer science” 2-iminothiorane hydrochloride improves hair waving permanence without damage.
13 citations
,
May 2016 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Keratin's mechanical properties are influenced by hydrogen bonds and secondary structure, and can be improved with the SPD-2 peptide.