March 2010 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” Beard hair medulla cells have a unique and varied keratin pattern.
86 citations
,
October 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” The Foxn1 gene mutation causes hairlessness and immune system issues, and understanding it could lead to hair growth disorder treatments.
68 citations
,
April 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Trichohyalin-like proteins are essential for the development of skin structures like hair, nails, and feathers.
31 citations
,
January 2004 in “Methods in cell biology” Hair and follicle keratins differ in structure and expression, especially in cysteine content.
28 citations
,
November 2009 in “Journal of Structural Biology” High flux X-ray beams quickly damage the structure of human hair.
25 citations
,
August 2017 in “Frontiers in Zoology” Marine mammals lost many α-keratin genes, aiding their adaptation to aquatic life by becoming hairless.
18 citations
,
November 2010 in “Journal of morphology” Antler velvet hair and body hair of red deer have different structures that help with protection and insulation.
18 citations
,
November 2005 in “European Journal of Cell Biology” Keratin gene clusters in humans and marsupials are similarly organized.
17 citations
,
June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
9 citations
,
January 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” Scientists have found specific genes linked to different hair loss conditions, which could lead to new treatments.
1 citations
,
December 2019 in “International journal of innovative technology and exploring engineering” Fish scale-based organic hair oil and shampoo may improve hair health and prevent damage.
May 2026 in “Research Square” The polyG fragment in Hoxc13 protein helps evolve mammalian skin and hair by enhancing gene interactions.
September 2025 in “Animals” Key proteins and pathways are crucial for wool fineness, but more research is needed.
135 citations
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November 1987 in “Differentiation” Outer root sheath cells consistently express certain keratins influenced by their environment.
101 citations
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August 2010 in “PLoS ONE” Selenoproteins are crucial for healthy skin and hair.
2 citations
,
January 2020 in “BioMed Research International” Phaeodactylum tricornutum extract helps hair follicle cells grow by activating the ERK1/2 pathway.
December 2025 in “The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research” Ultrasonic and infrared treatments can improve hair strength and appearance with minimal damage.
555 citations
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July 2001 in “Genes & Development” Tcf3 and Lef1 are key in deciding skin stem cell roles.
215 citations
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November 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The system allows precise control of gene expression in mouse skin, useful for studying skin biology.
140 citations
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April 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The enzyme 25 Hydroxyvitamin D 1 α-Hydroxylase is essential for healthy skin and recovery after skin damage.
83 citations
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May 2011 in “Experimental Dermatology” Sheep have 17 keratin genes, similar to humans, but with different expression patterns affecting wool and hair.
68 citations
,
February 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Keratin films from human hair can potentially replace human nail plates for drug testing.
65 citations
,
June 2003 in “EMBO journal” Noggin overexpression delays eyelid opening by affecting cell death and skin cell development.
56 citations
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January 1977
51 citations
,
February 2009 in “Journal of dermatological science” Pitx2 helps outer root sheath cells differentiate but can't start hair growth on its own.
47 citations
,
June 1996 in “International Journal of Legal Medicine” Hair analysis for drugs needs a better understanding of how drugs enter hair, considering factors like hair structure and pigmentation.
43 citations
,
December 2008 in “Molecular biology of the cell” Disrupting Smad4 in mouse skin causes early hair follicle stem cell activity that leads to their eventual depletion.
42 citations
,
July 2014 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Heparan sulfate is important for hair growth, preventing new hair formation in mature skin, and controlling oil gland development.
41 citations
,
November 2011 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Some hair loss disorders are caused by genetic mutations affecting hair growth.
36 citations
,
March 2014 in “Biomaterials” A new skin-whitening agent using a peptide from wheat is safe and effective at reducing skin pigmentation.