12 citations
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January 1934 in “Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Containing Papers of a Biological Character” Stretched hair has a similar structure to natural silk, showing hair's elasticity involves reversible changes within its molecules.
65 citations
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May 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Hair curliness is due to uneven distribution of different cortices within the hair fiber.
51 citations
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September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
30 citations
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April 2017 in “Journal of structural biology” Human hair keratin fibers have a detailed nano-scale structure that changes with different conditions.
25 citations
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November 2012 in “Thermochimica Acta” Internal lipids in keratin fibers, like wool and hair, reduce water absorption and release.
23 citations
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January 1981 Hair is mostly made of three protein types: helical, high-sulfur, and high-tyrosine.
14 citations
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July 2007 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The new 3D imaging method accurately measures hair surface details quickly.
9 citations
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January 1989 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Wool and hair fibers absorb moisture similarly due to their keratin structure, with the amount of non-crystalline areas affecting the moisture uptake.
4 citations
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April 1955 in “Textile Research Journal” The effectiveness of reducing agents on hair fibers depends on their electrode potentials.
3 citations
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August 1980 in “Acs Symposium Series” Hair increases in size when it absorbs water, and treatments like bleaching affect how much water it can take in.
1 citations
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January 2016 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” Human hair keratin is a promising and sustainable biomaterial for tissue regeneration.
30 citations
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April 2009 in “Mycoses” Microsporum gypseum fungus breaks down keratin in hair by digesting it enzymatically, starting with less keratinized parts.
14 citations
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September 1954 in “Textile Research Journal” Hair absorbs different substances from solutions based on pH levels.
14 citations
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April 2016 in “PloS one” The KRTAP11-1 gene promoter is crucial for specific expression in sheep wool cortex.
8 citations
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July 2011 in “Animal science journal” Keratin 33A is a key protein in goat winter coats, especially in high-producing breeds.
5 citations
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December 2020 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Treatments improved hair surface and scale structure but didn't increase certain bonds in the hair cortex.
5 citations
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January 1988 Only two of the four keratin genes are expressed in wool fibers.
3 citations
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September 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Different oils penetrate hair differently; monounsaturated oils like olive oil penetrate better than polyunsaturated oils.
1 citations
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January 2017 in “PubMed” All five hair fiber products improved appearance but didn't stick to completely bald areas.
1 citations
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March 2006 in “The FASEB journal” Keratin-based scaffolds are safe and effective for tissue engineering.
September 2025 in “Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA” Chemical hair straighteners can severely damage hair and scalp with repeated use.
Hair coloring and bleaching can permanently break down hair protein and temporarily change its properties.
January 2005 in “Zhonghua chuangshang guke zazhi” Human hair keratin is a promising material for nerve repair.
62 citations
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January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.
27 citations
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June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The study found that variations in hair protein genes are likely due to evolutionary deletions or duplications.
4 citations
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January 2020 in “Genes” The KRTAP21-2 gene affects wool length and quality in sheep.
May 2026 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” Bleaching damages hair the most, while dyes improve combability but still cause protein loss.
January 1991 in “Acta Dermato Venereologica” A new method effectively visualizes keratin in hair without harsh chemicals.
42 citations
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January 2017 in “Genes” The gene KAP22-1 affects wool yield and fiber shape in sheep.