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August 1981 in “PubMed” Trichilemmal keratinization is a unique process in hair follicles where the outer root sheath turns into keratin without a specific layer.
4 citations
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January 2000 Piedraia hortae fungi dissolve both the outer and inner layers of hair.
44 citations
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May 2008 in “Acta Zoologica” Keratinization in embryos helped vertebrates adapt to land by forming a protective skin barrier.
January 2026 in “Digitalen Hochschulbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt (Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt)” Keratin from chicken feathers can be safely used for skin benefits.
8 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Marsupial hair structure and keratin distribution are similar to placental mammals.
28 citations
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October 1985 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Researchers isolated and identified structural components of human hair follicles, providing a model for studying hair formation.
10 citations
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November 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A tough membrane between the outer and inner layers of human hair protects it from damage.
2 citations
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January 1990 30 citations
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November 1992 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Keratohyalin and trichohyalin proteins help form and organize skin and hair structures.
85 citations
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January 1990
January 2007 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Mf-rich hair degrades more than Ma-rich hair, especially with Proteinase K.
7 citations
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January 1973 in “Calcified Tissue International” Hair follicle tissue can induce mineral formation, likely due to a potent nucleator.
October 1990 in “Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)” January 2026 in “Biomaterials and Biosystems” Keratin from chicken feathers can be safely used on damaged skin.
44 citations
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August 1990 in “PubMed” Keratins K1 and K10 are found in the inner root sheath and cuticle of human hair follicles.
45 citations
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April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Cat claws stay sharp by shedding their outer layer through microcracks formed during activities.
April 2009 in “The FASEB Journal” Keratin biomaterials from human hair help nerve regeneration by activating Schwann cells.
30 citations
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January 1994 in “Micron” Mature hair surfaces are formed by keratinized cells with developed layers, not just modified plasma membranes.
10 citations
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January 2010 in “International journal of trichology” Keratin-associated proteins are part of the developing hair fiber cuticle.
22 citations
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January 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Hair follicles form hard α-keratin filaments in four steps, showing structural differences.
27 citations
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July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” January 2017 in “DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)” Keratin sponges are as biocompatible as collagen, but keratin gels are slightly less so.
4 citations
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November 1968 in “Textile research journal” Hair fibers may have a unique, non-protein sheath not previously identified.
17 citations
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August 2014 in “The Anatomical Record” Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.
36 citations
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November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
20 citations
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December 2010 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
8 citations
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May 2008 in “Applied surface science” Mummy hair from the Taklamakan desert has calcium and phosphorus inside.
51 citations
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September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
30 citations
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November 2012 in “Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences” Hard α-keratins stay stiff in water because the surrounding matrix keeps them dehydrated and strong.