12 citations
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January 2014 in “Cell structure and function” Different combinations of human hair keratins affect how hair fibers form.
30 citations
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November 2012 in “Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences” Hard α-keratins stay stiff in water because the surrounding matrix keeps them dehydrated and strong.
67 citations
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December 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Researchers found genes for cysteine-rich proteins that form the protective layer of hair in humans and sheep.
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December 1983 in “Canadian journal of zoology” Heterotypic cell contacts likely help hair matrix cells differentiate during mouse hair follicle development.
81 citations
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January 1987 in “Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology” Keratins change and are modified differently in skin layers and body parts.
44 citations
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May 2008 in “Acta Zoologica” Keratinization in embryos helped vertebrates adapt to land by forming a protective skin barrier.
January 2016 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” A wool hair keratin hydrogel is promising for growing cells and tissue engineering.
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May 2005 in “The American journal of dermatopathology/American journal of dermatopathology” The hair defect is due to abnormal inner root sheath keratinization.
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July 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Keratin-based particles safely improve hair strength, smoothness, and heat protection.
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April 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The keratin tail is crucial for skin structure and function.
43 citations
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July 1994 in “Journal of Cell Science” Cross-linked proteins help maintain the structure of hair, feathers, and hagfish teeth.
Keratinocytes grew and migrated into hair follicle areas but disappeared after 15-20 days.
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January 1988 Hair follicles have unique proteins that vary by species and are influenced by nutrition.
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December 2010 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
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July 1999 in “Journal of Anatomy” Methylene blue staining effectively reveals detailed nerve structures in rat snouts.
June 2025 in “Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine” Keratin biomaterials could help heal wounds and regenerate tissue, but more testing is needed.
September 2018 in “Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)” FN nanofiber dressings improve wound healing and restore natural skin structure.
50 citations
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March 2001 in “Clinics in dermatology” Human hair is complex and grows in cycles starting from embryonic life.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Early and late matrix progenitors in hair follicles create different cell layers, with early ones forming the companion layer and later ones forming the inner root sheath and hair shaft.
73 citations
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January 2016 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.
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6 citations
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October 1988 in “Clinics in Dermatology” The molecular details of hair growth are not well understood.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” January 2019 in “Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)” Hair follicles and skin structures were successfully regenerated in the lab using specific cell arrangements and mechanical conditions.
23 citations
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January 1981 Hair is mostly made of three protein types: helical, high-sulfur, and high-tyrosine.
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June 2009 in “Biomaterials” Skin cell clumping for hair growth is improved by a protein called fibronectin, which helps cells stick and move better.
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