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December 2000 in “PubMed” The biology of skin and hair is complex and not fully understood.
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February 2021 in “FEBS open bio” Human hair keratins K85 and K35 create unique filament patterns important for early hair formation.
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21 citations
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June 2003 in “Journal of Morphology” Monotreme and marsupial skin proteins show primitive features and species-specific differences compared to placental mammals.
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June 2003 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Sheet formation is key to macrofibril structure differences in wool.
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November 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A tough membrane between the outer and inner layers of human hair protects it from damage.
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August 2014 in “The Anatomical Record” Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.
December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Keratin proteins are crucial for hair structure and strength.
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November 1987 in “Differentiation” Outer root sheath cells consistently express certain keratins influenced by their environment.
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January 2009 in “Advances in Materials Science and Engineering” Wool keratin is reactive, biocompatible, biodegradable, and can model keratin from other sources.
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December 2010 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
110 citations
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August 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The ventral matrix is the main source of the nail plate.
6 citations
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January 2009 in “Elsevier eBooks” The skin has multiple layers and cells, serves as a protective barrier, helps regulate temperature, enables sensation, affects appearance, and is involved in vitamin D synthesis.
April 2009 in “The FASEB Journal” Keratin biomaterials from human hair help nerve regeneration by activating Schwann cells.
69 citations
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January 2015 in “Cell & tissue research/Cell and tissue research” Keratin mutations cause skin diseases and could lead to new treatments.
106 citations
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February 2014 in “eLife” Lanceolate complexes in mouse hair follicles are essential for touch and depend on specific cells for maintenance and regeneration.
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May 2005 in “The American journal of dermatopathology/American journal of dermatopathology” The hair defect is due to abnormal inner root sheath keratinization.
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June 2020 in “Developmental Cell” Feather patterns are influenced by enhancers and chromatin looping, and the structure of protein complexes important for hair growth has been detailed.
16 citations
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November 2017 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Cells in hair die by breaking down their DNA and mitochondria as they form keratin.
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September 2018 in “Scientific reports” Scientists created keratinocyte cell lines from human hair that can differentiate similarly to normal skin cells, offering a new way to study skin biology and diseases.
48 citations
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January 2002 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Trichocyte filaments have a low-density core and may include proteins for hair structure.
248 citations
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April 1988 in “Differentiation” Human and bovine hair follicles have distinct cytokeratins specific to hair-forming cells.
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January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Keratin-associated proteins are crucial for hair strength and structure.