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A young Saudi girl with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes and hypothyroidism had two rare conditions, Mauriac syndrome and Van Wyk–Grumbach syndrome.

Ancient hair can preserve hormones, revealing health and fertility insights.

A 19-year-old male with delayed puberty was successfully treated for a condition that prevents normal hormone production.

Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.

Hormonal treatments can help with hair loss, acne, and excess hair growth, but it takes 3-6 months to see results and patients should know the possible side effects.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and baldness, but may cause limited urinary improvement and sex-related side effects.

Finasteride can cause enlarged breasts.

Neuroactive steroids could become safe, effective treatments with more understanding of their complex brain actions and metabolism.

The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

Overexpression of the HE4 gene in mice causes eye inflammation and cloudiness.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and may help with baldness, but effects on sexual function and male fetuses are unclear.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

The document suggests treating individuals with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia who show symptoms, especially those related to excess male hormones.

COVID-19 temporarily affects male reproductive health, but sperm and testosterone levels generally return to normal after three months.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.

CBG may help with various medical conditions but needs more human research to confirm safety and effectiveness.

Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.

Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.

New hormonal treatments for enlarged prostate show promise for safer, effective non-surgical options.

People in Jeddah know about Vitamin D and its sources but are unclear on how much they need daily, and while many women take supplements, attitudes towards increasing Vitamin D levels vary.

High-dose radioactive iodine therapy does not harm fertility in thyroidectomy patients.

Higher BPA levels may be linked to idiopathic hyperandrogenemia in women.

Certain medications can reduce sexual desire and function, especially in women.

Finasteride effectively treats mild to moderate hair loss in men aged 18-41, with some side effects.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

COVID-19 might affect male fertility, but more research is needed to understand the full impact.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.