63 citations
,
December 1998 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology” The study improved understanding of keratin fiber structure by showing consistent microfibril diameter but varying distances and electron density profiles.
55 citations
,
February 2014 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Human hair has a complex, variable structure with a consistent matrix and double-twist pattern.
24 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Sheet formation is key to macrofibril structure differences in wool.
9 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin fibers in hair twist left-handed.
6 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” 18 citations
,
March 2009 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Sunlight damages hair, causing cuticle loss, protein changes, and discoloration.
4 citations
,
July 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Curved human hair has different structures on its convex and concave sides.
4 citations
,
January 1981 in “PubMed” Hair medullary cells in mammals vary in complexity, with humans having more structured cells similar to inner root sheath cells.
January 2009 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” Curved human hair has different structures on each side, which might cause its shape and is similar to wool.
49 citations
,
June 2004 in “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences” Human hair becomes weaker and stretches more easily at higher temperatures.
45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” Permanent waving weakens hair by altering its protein structure.
191 citations
,
November 1959 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Hair and wool have complex microscopic structures with microfibrils and varying cystine content.
70 citations
,
June 1998 in “Polymer” Permanent waving damages hair by disrupting its keratin structure.
19 citations
,
January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
4 citations
,
April 2019 in “Cosmetics” Hair stiffness is higher when it has more para-like cortical cells.
3 citations
,
January 1998 in “ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA” Hair keratins are mainly on macrofibrils in the cortex and in the endocuticle in the cuticle.
1 citations
,
August 2015 in “PubMed” Human hair's strength comes from a honeycomb-like structure and macrofibrils.
November 2024 in “Biophysical Chemistry” Hair structure changes immediately during perm treatment, with initial damage partially restored later.
July 2016 in “Indian journal of science and technology” Neonate scalp hair is thinner, lacks a medulla, and has smaller follicles compared to adult hair.
January 2013 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Microfibrils are key for permanent waves, and hydrolyzed keratin improves wave formation and hair condition.
The 16th-century mummy's hair was well-preserved due to a calcium coating.
85 citations
,
October 2007 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Curly hair shape is due to uneven growth patterns in the hair follicle.
30 citations
,
April 2009 in “Mycoses” Microsporum gypseum fungus breaks down keratin in hair by digesting it enzymatically, starting with less keratinized parts.
20 citations
,
January 1997 in “Dermatology” The patient with EEC syndrome had scarring alopecia due to deep folliculitis, possibly linked to abnormal hair structure.
1 citations
,
June 2023 in “Journal of applied crystallography” The technique showed that human hair has two main parts, with 68% being rigid and the rest flexible, and water swelling affects its structure.
Oxidized hair can naturally regain strength and stability over six months.
15 citations
,
October 2004 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Holes in mature hair are likely caused by the removal of substances during hair care.
May 2022 in “Experimental dermatology” Trichothiodystrophy hair is structurally abnormal with protein and organization issues.
39 citations
,
January 1979 in “Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea” Surfactants can protect or harm hair, skin, and nails, depending on their type and use.
Daily hair care may cause holes in hair fibers.