10 citations
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February 2019 in “Toxicological Sciences” Finasteride exposure affects gene expression and anogenital distance in male rat fetuses.
24 citations
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October 2016 in “Oncotarget” Finasteride has a higher risk of reproductive side effects than minoxidil.
111 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
97 citations
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November 1986 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.
53 citations
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January 1986 in “Endocrinology” Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.
581 citations
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October 1998 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Finasteride safely and effectively treats male pattern hair loss, but may cause reversible sexual issues and harm male fetuses.
86 citations
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March 1993 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.
28 citations
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January 1991 in “Reproductive Toxicology” Finasteride temporarily lowers male rat fertility without affecting libido.
26 citations
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November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Finasteride is risky during pregnancy, but the chance of harm from a male partner taking it is low if handled safely.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Pregnant women should avoid handling crushed finasteride tablets, but exposure through a male partner's semen is minimal.
129 citations
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October 2000 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Finasteride helps increase hair growth in men with hair loss.
125 citations
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January 1999 in “Drugs” Finasteride effectively treats baldness but may cause sexual side effects.
6 citations
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August 2009 in “Mini-reviews in Medicinal Chemistry” Different drugs can treat high male hormone levels in women, but they have various effects and some may harm a fetus.
67 citations
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February 1997 in “Teratology” Finasteride, when given in high oral doses to pregnant monkeys, caused genital abnormalities in male fetuses, but not in female fetuses or those exposed to intravenous finasteride.
2 citations
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July 2021 in “Journal of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Exposure to the hair loss drug finasteride during pregnancy can cause genital anomalies in male babies, but not in female babies. It's best to avoid this drug in women who could potentially become pregnant.
2 citations
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August 2016 in “British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology” The document concludes that women should not use 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors due to the risk of birth defects and limited effectiveness.
1 citations
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July 2024 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” The woman delivered a healthy baby boy despite taking spironolactone during pregnancy.
63 citations
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December 2010 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Reduced neurosteroids and growth issues can harm fetal brain development, especially in males.
50 citations
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December 1999 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Finasteride improves hidradenitis suppurativa but not for child-bearing women.
8 citations
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January 1987 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Flutamide, an antiandrogen, has minimal impact on female rat endocrine systems and does not significantly change their reproductive cycles.
6 citations
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March 2009 in “Annals of Saudi Medicine” Finasteride use during early pregnancy may cause limb deformities in babies.
February 2024 in “Biomedicines” Pregnant women with PCOS have higher levels of Neurokinin B in the placenta, especially with female babies.
Neurokinin B levels are higher in the placentas of women with PCOS who have female babies.
3 citations
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June 2017 in “Reproductive biomedicine online” A certain mutation in the fetal alpha 5-reductase gene is linked to a higher risk of late miscarriage.
55 citations
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March 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride may treat baldness but less effective for those with 5α-reductase deficiency.
49 citations
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March 2018 in “Toxicological sciences” Low doses of mixed chemicals cause permanent reproductive malformations in male rats.
3 citations
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April 2010 in “Endocrinology” The mouse model suggests male pattern baldness may be due to an enzyme increasing DHT and higher androgen receptor levels in hair follicles.
203 citations
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December 2004 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Early diagnosis and treatment, using finasteride, minoxidil, or hair transplantation, improves hair loss outcomes.
36 citations
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June 2018 in “Journal of Dermatology” Use finasteride, dutasteride, and minoxidil for hair loss treatment.