10 citations
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February 2019 in “Toxicological Sciences” Finasteride exposure affects gene expression and anogenital distance in male rat fetuses.
111 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
53 citations
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January 1986 in “Endocrinology” Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.
581 citations
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October 1998 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Finasteride safely and effectively treats male pattern hair loss, but may cause reversible sexual issues and harm male fetuses.
86 citations
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March 1993 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.
28 citations
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January 1991 in “Reproductive Toxicology” Finasteride temporarily lowers male rat fertility without affecting libido.
125 citations
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January 1999 in “Drugs” Finasteride effectively treats baldness but may cause sexual side effects.
67 citations
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February 1997 in “Teratology” Finasteride, when given in high oral doses to pregnant monkeys, caused genital abnormalities in male fetuses, but not in female fetuses or those exposed to intravenous finasteride.
2 citations
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July 2021 in “Journal of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Exposure to the hair loss drug finasteride during pregnancy can cause genital anomalies in male babies, but not in female babies. It's best to avoid this drug in women who could potentially become pregnant.
2 citations
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August 2016 in “British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology” The document concludes that women should not use 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors due to the risk of birth defects and limited effectiveness.
63 citations
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December 2010 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Reduced neurosteroids and growth issues can harm fetal brain development, especially in males.
8 citations
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January 1987 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Flutamide, an antiandrogen, has minimal impact on female rat endocrine systems and does not significantly change their reproductive cycles.
6 citations
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March 2009 in “Annals of Saudi Medicine” Finasteride use during early pregnancy may cause limb deformities in babies.
February 2024 in “Biomedicines” Pregnant women with PCOS have higher levels of Neurokinin B in the placenta, especially with female babies.
Neurokinin B levels are higher in the placentas of women with PCOS who have female babies.
3 citations
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June 2017 in “Reproductive biomedicine online” A certain mutation in the fetal alpha 5-reductase gene is linked to a higher risk of late miscarriage.
3 citations
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April 2010 in “Endocrinology” The mouse model suggests male pattern baldness may be due to an enzyme increasing DHT and higher androgen receptor levels in hair follicles.
49 citations
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March 2018 in “Toxicological sciences” Low doses of mixed chemicals cause permanent reproductive malformations in male rats.
36 citations
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June 2018 in “Journal of Dermatology” Use finasteride, dutasteride, and minoxidil for hair loss treatment.
June 2024 in “Georgetown medical review” Finasteride treats hair loss but may cause low libido, erectile issues, and depression.
122 citations
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July 1990 in “Teratology” Finasteride exposure in pregnancy causes genital abnormalities in male rats.
December 2025 in “The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology” Red Sokoto goat fetuses develop firmer, pigmented skin with hair follicles as they grow.
55 citations
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July 2013 in “Dermatologic therapy” Some dermatological medications can impair male fertility, so consult a doctor before trying to conceive.
70 citations
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March 2016 in “Urologic Clinics of North America” The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.
118 citations
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May 2003 in “Toxicological Sciences” Exposure to finasteride in the womb caused lasting reproductive issues in male rats.
2 citations
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December 2014 Low biotin intake during pregnancy can affect biotin transport in mothers and fetuses.
1 citations
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July 2021 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” Father's finasteride use may affect son's fertility and testicular function.
218 citations
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December 2011 in “Advances in Urology” The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.
98 citations
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July 1983 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Individuals with this condition often develop male traits and identities at puberty despite being raised as females.
9 citations
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January 2017 in “International Journal of Trichology” No current system perfectly classifies male-pattern hair loss, indicating a need for a new system for better diagnosis and treatment.