12 citations
,
January 2016 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports” Testosterone therapy improved physical and social health in a male with 49,XXXXY syndrome.
24 citations
,
October 2012 in “The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology” Testosterone protects female heart cells from stress by activating estrogen receptors.
47 citations
,
October 2016 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Androgens prevent hair growth by changing Wnt signals in cells.
34 citations
,
December 2012 in “Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care” Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.
82 citations
,
February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” A three-month treatment with a GnRH agonist significantly lowered androgen levels and 5α-reductase activity in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
12 citations
,
May 2005 in “Current obstetrics and gynaecology/Current obstetrics & gynaecology” Hirsutism is too much hair growth in women like the pattern in men, often caused by high male hormones, and can be treated with hormone control and hair removal methods.
21 citations
,
July 2019 in “Cardiovascular Research” High levels of male hormones in pregnant mice cause heart enlargement and poor heart function in their female babies.
23 citations
,
July 2015 in “The Journal of Membrane Biology” Testosterone increases certain proteins in the uterus, reducing fluid volume.
2 citations
,
October 2015 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” The woman's surgery lowered her testosterone and improved scalp hair loss but did not change her excessive body hair.
November 2023 in “JCEM Case Reports” A postmenopausal woman's excess male hormone symptoms improved after her ovaries were removed.
January 2025 in “Biomedicines” High testosterone levels can harm fertility by disrupting the LIF signaling pathway in the uterus.
2 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
21 citations
,
September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” 18 citations
,
November 2012 in “Current opinion in urology” Finasteride and dutasteride are equally effective and safe for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.
22 citations
,
January 2001 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Some new progesterone derivatives are better at blocking testosterone conversion than a common drug.
4 citations
,
December 2002 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Estrogens can slow skin aging after menopause, but can't restore youthful skin.
13 citations
,
July 2018 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Thyroid hormones and androgens affect gene expression in frog reproductive organs differently between males and females.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Early androgen exposure affects hormone receptor expression in adult female rats' brains, but not in males.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Endocrinology & metabolic syndrome” Testosterone can cause acne and male-pattern baldness, affects hair growth in men and women, and makes male skin more sensitive.
11 citations
,
January 1991 in “Urology” New hormonal treatments for enlarged prostate show promise for safer, effective non-surgical options.
April 2020 in “The FASEB Journal” Testosterone increases heart and blood pressure issues in rats with endotoxemia, and stopping testosterone production can reduce these problems.
November 1993 in “PubMed” High levels of androgens can cause skin issues like acne, hair loss, and excessive hair growth.
25 citations
,
January 2013 in “International Journal of Trichology” Premature balding in some men may be linked to altered hormones, but it's not the male equivalent to polycystic ovary syndrome or metabolic syndrome.
34 citations
,
February 1993 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Certain 4-azasteroids are effective at blocking the enzyme that processes testosterone in human skin and could help treat acne, excessive hair growth, and male pattern baldness.
May 2017 in “Endocrine Abstracts” Men with early hair loss and certain health factors may have a higher risk of developing reproductive issues, similar to polycystic ovary syndrome in women.
56 citations
,
October 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Androgens play a complex role in skin conditions like acne and hair loss in women, and normal blood levels don't always show true androgen status.
79 citations
,
December 1990 in “Clinical endocrinology” The testes control steroid production through complex interactions involving various cells and signaling molecules.
April 2024 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” Topical minoxidil helps transgender individuals assigned female at birth grow more facial hair.
June 2016 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” 25 citations
,
June 2023 in “Biomedicines” Men generally face more severe COVID-19 outcomes than women, partly due to hormonal differences.