January 2004 in “Banca y finanzas: Revista profesional de gestión financiera” Androgens increase pigmentation in certain hamster skin areas, but estrogens can reverse this effect.
2 citations
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January 1981 Antiandrogens can treat excess body hair and hair loss by blocking male hormones.
123 citations
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December 1997 in “Calcified Tissue International” Higher androgen levels and site-specific AR expression cause sex-related skeletal differences, and certain steroids can boost AR expression and androgen effects in bone cells.
November 2022 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, a condition with symptoms like increased hair growth and acne, is usually caused by PCOS but can also be due to other factors. It's diagnosed by checking testosterone levels and treated either by removing the adrenal tumor or through antiandrogen therapy.
May 2022 in “Reactions Weekly”
1 citations
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September 2023 in “AACE clinical case reports” Testosterone pellets might work for transgender men's hormone therapy, but more research is needed.
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June 2016 in “JAMA Dermatology” Men with early hair loss have similar hormone levels to women with PCOS, possibly increasing risk of obesity and heart issues.
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January 1996 in “PubMed”
February 2021 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports” A postmenopausal woman's excessive hair growth and hair loss were due to a non-cancerous ovarian condition, treated successfully with surgery.
19 citations
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March 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Testosterone and letrozole treatment speeds up puberty in boys with delayed development.
January 2026 in “Journal of Sexual and Mental Health” New male contraceptive pills show promise in reducing sperm production with mild side effects.
January 2009 in “Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University” Finasteride with lifestyle changes effectively treats acne in males by improving hormone levels and reducing recurrence.
Balding men are more likely to have metabolic syndrome.
15 citations
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April 1960 in “Journal of the American Medical Association” Hirsutism perception varies by culture and individual.
September 2025 in “e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University)” Blocking androgen receptors helps immune cells better fight certain bacteria.
205 citations
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July 2009 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Male and female skin differ in many ways, which could lead to gender-specific skin treatments.
1 citations
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December 1989 in “PubMed”
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January 1989 in “Handbook of experimental pharmacology” Anti-androgens can help reduce the effects of male hormones on the skin.
108 citations
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February 2013 in “JAMA” Transgender treatment includes hormones and surgery, but long-term effects are unknown and counseling is needed.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone may effectively suppress testosterone in some transfeminine individuals.
3 citations
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March 1992 in “Journal of clinical pathology” Most women with excess hair growth need only a clinical evaluation and minimal tests unless they show signs of virilism.
December 2023 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Adults with gender dysphoria on hormone treatment often have skin problems like acne, which are common but not always recognized.
November 2012 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” A new genetic mutation causes severe Leydig cell hypoplasia, affecting sexual development.
2 citations
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October 2015 in “Obstetrics and gynaecology cases - reviews” Removing both ovaries may better treat increased male hormone levels and related symptoms in postmenopausal women when hormone therapy doesn't work.
January 2023 in “The Annals of african surgery” Hormone treatment before hypospadias surgery can increase penis size and reduce surgery complications.
20 citations
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October 2017 in “Clinical Endocrinology” The conclusion is that removing both ovaries is the best treatment for excess male hormones in postmenopausal women, with medication as another option, and managing insulin resistance is important for diagnosis and treatment.
16 citations
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February 2014 in “Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects Iranian women's feelings of femininity and self-image.